Inter-specific competition of juniper trees in Kandiragh forest reserve using O-ring statistic and mark correlation function | ||
| نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب | ||
| Volume 73, Issue 2, August 2020, Pages 189-200 PDF (545.17 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22059/jfwp.2020.295907.1066 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Reza Akhavan* 1; Younes Rostamikia2 | ||
| 1Assoc., Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran | ||
| 2Assist., Prof., Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, I.R. Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Forest reserves are a shrinking pattern of biosphere reserves in which unique and rare or endangered species grow naturally. Juniper genus is one of the few indigenous conifers of Iran with habitats in large areas of the country. However, nowadays, despite its importance, there is a declining trend that is particularly critical in areas without control and management. The purpose of the study was to investigate and quantify the inter-specific competition of juniper trees (Juniperus excelsa) with the main associated species, namely pistachio (Pistacia atlantica) and maple (Acer monspessulanum), in Kandirigh forest reserve in Ardabil Province of north-west of Iran. For this purpose, full census inventory was taken in a protected area of 13.2 hectares, and variables of DBH, total height and crown diameter and spatial coordinates of all tree species were recorded. Then, the bivariate O-ring statistic and mark correlation function (MCF) were used to evaluate the competition between the junipers with pistachio and maple. Bivariate O-ring statistic showed that most of the interactions of these three species are independent or, ultimately, at small scales are attractions. Univariate and bivariate mark correlations function also showed that the interested variables of DBH, total height and crown diameter were spatially independent. All of this is due to the lack of significant competition between juniper trees and the associated species in this forest reserve. Thus, pistachio and maple can be introduced as associated species for the reforestation and enrichment of the other juniper habitats with similar conditions. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Interaction; maple; MCF; pistachio | ||
| References | ||
|
[1]. Kiani, B., and Abtin, T. (2014). Quantitative and qualitative properties of Caucasian wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach.) forest reserve in Dareh-shahr, Ilam Province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22 (2): 249-258. [2]. Akhavan, R., Momeni Moghaddam, T., Akbarinia, M., and Hoseini, S.M. (2017). Spatial patterns and intra-specific competition of Juniper tree in different life stages using O- ring statistic in Layen forests. Iran. Forest and Wood Products, 70 (1): 111-125. [3]. Akhavan, R., and Namiranian, M, (2016). Forest growth and yield modeling. University of Tehran press, No. 3654. 471 p. [4]. Omidvar Hosseini, F., Akhavan, R., Kia- Daliri, H., and Mataji, A. (2015). Spatial patterns and intra-specific competition of Chestnut leaf Oak (Quercus castaneifolia) using O- ring statistic. IranianJournal of Forest and Poplar Research, 23 (2): 295-302. [5]. Biabani, K., Pilehvar, B., and Safari, A. (2016). Comparison of spatial patterns and interspecific association of Gall oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) and Lebanon oak (Q. libani Oliv.) in two less degraded and degraded oak stands in northern Zagros. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 24 (1): 77-88. [6]. Akhavan, R., Khanhasani, M., and Khodakarami, Y. (2018-a). Spatial patterns and inter-specific competition of three oak species in the Baneh forests of western Iran. Forest and Wood Products, 71 (2): 149- 159. [7]. Cheng, X., Han, H., Kang, F., Song, Y., and Liu, K. (2013). Point pattern analysis of different life stages of Quercus liaotungensis in Lingkong Mountain, Shanxi Province, China. Journal of Plant Interactions, 8:1-9. [8]. Kang, H., Zheng, Y., Liu, S., Chai, Z., Chang, M., Hu, Y., Li. G., and Wang, D. (2017). Population structure and spatial pattern of predominant tree species in a pine–oak mosaic mixed forest in the Qinling Mountains, China. Journal of Plant Interactions, 12 (1): 78–86. [9]. Miao, N., Xu, H., Moermond, T.C., Li, Y., and Liu, S. (2018). Density-dependent and distance-dependent effects in a 60-ha tropical mountain rain forest in the Jianfengling mountains, Hainan Island, China: Spatial pattern analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 429: 226-232. [10]. Getzin, S., Wiegand, K., Schumacher, J., and Gougeon, F.A. (2008). Scale-dependent competition at the stand level assessed from crown areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 255: 2478–2485. [11]. Gray, H., and He, L. (2009). Spatial point pattern analysis for detecting density dependent competition in a boreal chronosequence of Alberta. Forest Ecology and Management, 259: 98-106. [12]. Martinez, I., Gonzalez-Taboada, F., Wiegand, T., and Obesco, J.R. (2013). Spatial patterns of seedling- adult associations in a temperate forest community. Forest Ecology and Management, 296: 74-80. [13]. Erfanifard, Y., Nguyen, H.H., Schmidt, J.P. and Rayburn, A. (2018). Fine-scale intraspecific interactions and environmental heterogeneity drive the spatial structure in old-growth stands of a dioecious plant. Forest Ecology and Management, 425: 92-99. [14]. Akhavan, R., Parhizkar, P., Amanzadeh, B., and Mohamadnejad Kiasari, Sh. (2018-b). Intra-specific competition of beech using Mark Correlation Function (MCF) in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Forest and Wood Products, 70 (4): 637-648. [15]. Rostamikia, Y., and Zobeiri, M. (2013). Study on The Structure of Juniperus excelsa Beib. Stand in Khakhal Protected Forests. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 19 (4): 151-162. [16]. Sefidi, K., Firouzi, Y., Sharari, M., Keyvan Behjou, F., and Rostamikia, Y. (2018). Quantification of spatial structure of juniper stands in Kandaragh region. Iranian Journal of Forest, 10 (1): 207-220. [17]. Anonymous (2017). Statistics of Ardebil Province, Deputy of Statistics and Information of Management and Budget Organization of Ardabil Province. 205 p. [18]. Sadeghi, S.M.M., Alijani, V., Namiranian, M., and Mohamadizadeh, M. (2016). Structural characteristics of Juniperus excelsa in the mountainous forests of Alborz south facing slope. Iranian Journal of Forest, 8 (1): 35-49. [19]. Cysneiros, V.C., Dalmaso, C.A., Pelissari, A.L., Mattos, P.P., Souza, L., and Amaral Machado, S. (2018). Spatial patterns and interactions of dominant tree species in an Amazon tropical rainforest. Revista De Biologia Tropical, 66 (3): 1009-1017. [20]. Ravanbakhsh, H., Marvie Mohajer, M.R., and Etemad, V. (2010). Natural regeneration of woody species in woodlands of southern slopes of Elboez Mountains. Iranian Journal of Forest, 2 (2): 113-125. [21]. Salimi, A., Ghasemi Aghbash, F., and Pourreza, M. (2019). Spatial pattern of Anagyris foetida L. shrubs in the Zagros forests. Iranian Journal of Forest, 11 (1): 135-150. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 459 PDF Download: 413 |
||