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بررسی تغییرات بوم‌سازگان با استفاده از سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین و ترسیب کربن شهر تهران. | ||
| محیط شناسی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 46، شماره 1، خرداد 1399، صفحه 1-22 اصل مقاله (4.62 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jes.2019.282612.1007871 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| میر سعید محقق1؛ نغمه مبرقعی* 2؛ علیرضا وفایی نژاد3؛ سهیل سبحان اردکانی4؛ سید مسعود منوری1 | ||
| 1گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه برنامه ریزی و طراحی محیط زیست، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی،دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3گروه حمل و نقل، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تغییرات بوم‌سازگان در بازه 30 ساله با استفاده از سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین و محاسبه ترسیب کربن هست. در این پژوهش ابتدا تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست در سال‌های 1986، 1996، 2008 و 2016 استخراج گردید و نقشه‌های کاربری اراضی در شش طبقه انسان‌ساخت، فضای سبز، شبکه راه‌ها، صنایع، کشاورزی و اراضی بایر تهیه شدند. تغییرات سی‌ساله شهر به روش آنالیز گرادیان با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Faragstats 4.0 در سطح کلاس محاسبه شد. میزان ترسیب کربن به‌عنوان خدمات بوم‌سازگان با استفاده از نرم‌افزار InVEST 3.0.0 تهیه شد. ترسیب کربن طی این مدت روند کاهشی را نشان داده است. تغییرات سی ساله شهر تهران نشان داد بافت شهر متراکم و ریز دانه گردیده است. طی این زمان کاربری‌های اراضی بایر، کشاورزی کاهش چشمگیری را نشان داده است و کاربری انسان ساخت، فضای سبز و شبکه راه‌ها افزایش یافته است. میزان ترسیب کربن در این بازه از مرکز شهر کاهش چشمگیری را نشان داده است. تغییرات کاربری اراضی سبب جایگزین شدن زمین‌های کشاورزی و بایر به کاربری‌های انسان ساخت و شبکه راه گردیده است این جایگزینی مهم‌ترین دلیل کاهش میزان ترسیب کربن طی زمان بوده است. همچنین افزایش فضای سبز افزایش میزان ترسیب کربن را در بر داشته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ترسیب کربن؛ تحلیل گرادیان؛ سنجه‌های سیمای سرزمین؛ شهر تهران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the Changes in Tehran’ Ecosystems Using the Landscape Metrics and Carbon Sequestration Rates | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mir Saeid Mohaqeq1؛ Naghme Mobarghei Dinan2؛ Alireza Vafaeinejad3؛ Sohil Sobhan Ardakani4؛ Seyyed Masoud Monavvari1 | ||
| 1Department of the Environment, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Prof., Department of Environmental Planning and Design, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Department of the Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Department of Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Today, metropolitan cities face many problems, include excessive population and its problems, such as air pollution, soil, water, traffic, destruction and degradation of natural resources. Tehran, as the largest metropolis in Iran during the last decade, has faced numerous problems in the environmental, physical, economic and social infrastructures, which has reduced the quality of the environment. Therefore, attention to ecosystem services on the one hand and the image of urban land on the other hand can improve the quality of urban environments. The purpose of this study is to map ecosystem services and landmarks of Tehran. It also examines the relationship between measurements and ecosystem services and air quality parameters. To do this, Landsat satellite images were first extracted in 1986, 1996, 2008, and 2016, and land use maps were compiled in six categories of human, green spaces, roads, industries, agriculture, and lands. The accuracy of the maps was investigated using general accuracy and Kappa coefficient. The layout analysis method was used to calculate the measurements using the Faragstats 4.0 software at the surface level and classroom level. The city shifts were compared using measurements. Data on air quality parameters were prepared for a decade (1396-1386), and concentrations of contaminants were mapped to inverse distance. The correlation of the measures with the concentration of pollutants was investigated using Pearson correlation test in two periods of 2008 and 2016. The carbon sequestration map was developed as an ecosystem service using InVEST 3.0.0 software for periods 1986-1996, 1996 to 2008, 2008 to 2016, and period 1986 to 2016. The results of landmark analysis showed that the city of Tehran has undergone many changes over the course of thirty years, which has led to the destruction and fragmentation of the land, and also the city's texture has progressed towards compression and fine graining. During this time, the city has experienced a great deal of expansion. The carbon sequestration results in a reduction and loss of carbon sequestration, especially in the north of the study area over a 30-year period. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis between carbon sequestration and air quality parameters show a significant correlation with ozone, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between measures and concentrations of pollutants as well as carbon sequestration. This study showed that the use and application of measures and attention to ecosystem services for urban management is necessary. Today, metropolitan cities face many problems, include excessive population and its problems, such as air pollution, soil, water, traffic, destruction and degradation of natural resources. Tehran, as the largest metropolis in Iran during the last decade, has faced numerous problems in the environmental, physical, economic and social infrastructures, which has reduced the quality of the environment. Therefore, attention to ecosystem services on the one hand and the image of urban land on the other hand can improve the quality of urban environments. The purpose of this study is to map ecosystem services and landmarks of Tehran. It also examines the relationship between measurements and ecosystem services and air quality parameters. To do this, Landsat satellite images were first extracted in 1986, 1996, 2008, and 2016, and land use maps were compiled in six categories of human, green spaces, roads, industries, agriculture, and lands. The accuracy of the maps was investigated using general accuracy and Kappa coefficient. The layout analysis method was used to calculate the measurements using the Faragstats 4.0 software at the surface level and classroom level. The city shifts were compared using measurements. Data on air quality parameters were prepared for a decade (1396-1386), and concentrations of contaminants were mapped to inverse distance. The correlation of the measures with the concentration of pollutants was investigated using Pearson correlation test in two periods of 2008 and 2016. The carbon sequestration map was developed as an ecosystem service using InVEST 3.0.0 software for periods 1986-1996, 1996 to 2008, 2008 to 2016, and period 1986 to 2016. The results of landmark analysis showed that the city of Tehran has undergone many changes over the course of thirty years, which has led to the destruction and fragmentation of the land, and also the city's texture has progressed towards compression and fine graining. During this time, the city has experienced a great deal of expansion. The carbon sequestration results in a reduction and loss of carbon sequestration, especially in the north of the study area over a 30-year period. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis between carbon sequestration and air quality parameters show a significant correlation with ozone, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between measures and concentrations of pollutants as well as carbon sequestration. This study showed that the use and application of measures and attention to ecosystem services for urban management is necessary. Today, metropolitan cities face many problems, include excessive population and its problems, such as air pollution, soil, water, traffic, destruction and degradation of natural resources. Tehran, as the largest metropolis in Iran during the last decade, has faced numerous problems in the environmental, physical, economic and social infrastructures, which has reduced the quality of the environment. Therefore, attention to ecosystem services on the one hand and the image of urban land on the other hand can improve the quality of urban environments. The purpose of this study is to map ecosystem services and landmarks of Tehran. It also examines the relationship between measurements and ecosystem services and air quality parameters. To do this, Landsat satellite images were first extracted in 1986, 1996, 2008, and 2016, and land use maps were compiled in six categories of human, green spaces, roads, industries, agriculture, and lands. The accuracy of the maps was investigated using general accuracy and Kappa coefficient. The layout analysis method was used to calculate the measurements using the Faragstats 4.0 software at the surface level and classroom level. The city shifts were compared using measurements. Data on air quality parameters were prepared for a decade (1396-1386), and concentrations of contaminants were mapped to inverse distance. The correlation of the measures with the concentration of pollutants was investigated using Pearson correlation test in two periods of 2008 and 2016. The carbon sequestration map was developed as an ecosystem service using InVEST 3.0.0 software for periods 1986-1996, 1996 to 2008, 2008 to 2016, and period 1986 to 2016. The results of landmark analysis showed that the city of Tehran has undergone many changes over the course of thirty years, which has led to the destruction and fragmentation of the land, and also the city's texture has progressed towards compression and fine graining. During this time, the city has experienced a great deal of expansion. The carbon sequestration results in a reduction and loss of carbon sequestration, especially in the north of the study area over a 30-year period. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis between carbon sequestration and air quality parameters show a significant correlation with ozone, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between measures and concentrations of pollutants as well as carbon sequestration. This study showed that the use and application of measures and attention to ecosystem services for urban management is necessary. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ecosystem Services, Carbon Sequestration, Layout Analysis, Territory Landmark, Tehran City | ||
| مراجع | ||
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