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مقایسه بیماریزایی بیمارگرهای عامل سرخشکیدگی و زوال درختان بلوط در استان کرمانشاه | ||
| دانش گیاهپزشکی ایران | ||
| دوره 51، شماره 1، شهریور 1399، صفحه 79-92 اصل مقاله (1.04 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijpps.2020.293088.1006920 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد صابرنسب1؛ صمد جمالی* 2؛ علیرضا معرفت3؛ سعید عباسی4 | ||
| 1دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه | ||
| 2بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی | ||
| 3گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه | ||
| 4دانشگاه رازی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری زوال و خشکیدگی سرشاخه‌های درختان بلوط یک بیماری مهم در جنگل‌های زاگرس ایران محسوب می‌شود. وجود Paecilomyces formosus، Biscogniauxia mediterrane و Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae همراه با علائم زوال و سرخشکیدگی درختان بلوط در جنگل‌های استان کرمانشاه، ویژگی‌های مولکولی و مقایسه بیماریزایی بیمارگرها بررسی شد. در بررسی مولکولی با استفاده از ابزار جستجوی بلاست، هر سه بیمارگر همپوشانی و همولوژی ۱۰۰ درصدی با گونه‌های مذکور موجود در بانک ژن نشان دادند. در ارزیابی بیماریزایی مشخص شد که تمام جدایه‌های این سه بیمارگر قادر به ایجاد شانکر روی شاخه‌های بریده و نهال‌های مایه زنی شده درختان بلوط هستند. در اثبات بیماریزایی روی شاخه بریده سایر درختان جنگلی نیز هر سه گونه قادر به ایجاد علائم شانکر بودند. در مقایسه بیماریزایی روی نهال‌های دو ساله تحت تنش خشکی، از نظر سرعت پیشرفت علائم بیماری اختلاف معنی داری بین این سه گونه وجود داشت، بطوریکه B. mediterrane در زمان کوتاهتری روی نهال‌های مایه زنی شده در شرایط تنش خشکی علائم ایجاد کرد. گونه P. formosus نسبت به دو گونه دیگر با سرعت کمتری روی نهال‌های مایه زنی شده علائم ایجاد کرد. علائم روی نهال‌های بلوط مایه‌زنی شده با این بیمارگرها به‌صورت شانکر ایجاد شد که به سمت بالا و پایین ناحیه مایه‌زنی شده پیشروی مشاهده شد. جهت تکمیل اصول کخ، جداسازی مجدد صورت گرفت. بررسی تاثیر دما بر رشد شعاعی گونه‌های بیمارگر نشان داد که هر سه گونه گرمادوست بوده و احتمال ارتباط این بیمارگرها با پدیده خشکسالی و گرمایش جهانی وجود دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Biscogniauxia mediterranea؛ شناسایی مولکولی؛ بلوط؛ ایران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Pathogenicity evaluation of pathogenic fungi causing of oak tree dieback in Kermanshah province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mohammad sabernasab1؛ Samad Jamali2؛ Alireza marefat3؛ saeed Abbasi4 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University | ||
| 3Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| 4Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Oak dieback is one of the most important diseases that presently affects the Zagros oak forests (Northwest to Southeast of Iran). The presence of Paecilomyces formosus, Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with oak trees that show dieback and declining symptoms in the forests of Kermanshah province and the molecular and pathogenic characteristics of these pathogenic isolates were investigated. In molecular analysis using blast search tools, all three pathogens showed homology of 100% with the mentioned species in the GenBank. Pathogenicity test revealed that all isolates of these three pathogens were capable of producing cancers on detached branches and inoculated seedlings of oak trees. Our results showed that all three species obtained from oak trees could produce cankers on excised branches of other trees. In comparison with pathogenicity on two-years-old seedlings under drought stress, there was a significant difference between the three species in terms of the rate of disease progression, so that B. mediterranea caused symptoms on seedlings inoculated under drought stress in a shorter time. P. formosus caused symptoms in longer period on the inoculated seedlings than the other two species. After inoculation, all cankers that extended upward and downward from the point of inoculation were evident on stems of all inoculated seedlings. Re-isolation was performed, and isolates were compared to original cultures providing evidence for fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Investigation of the effect of temperature on radial growth of pathogenic species showed that all three species are thermophilic fungi, which may be related to warming and drought. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biscogniauxia mediterranea, molecular identification, oak, Iran | ||
| مراجع | ||
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