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شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر شکلگیری جمعیت شناور روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان تبادکان در حاشیۀ کلانشهر مشهد | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 30 مهر 1399 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2020.303138.1508 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
حمید شایان  1؛ حمداله سجاسی قیداری2؛ فهیمه جعفری1
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| 1گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 2گروه جغرافیا- دانشکده ادبیات- دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد- مشهد- ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امروزه با بهبود زیرساخت های شاهد گسترش روابط شهری و روستایی هستیم که این امر هم در کشورهای درحالتوسعه و هم در کشورهای توسعه یافته مشاهده میشود. لذا عوامل مختلفی میتواند در شکلگیری و تقویت جریان جمعیت شناور روستایی تأثیرگذار باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر شکلگیری جمعیت شناور روستایی در نقاط شهری میباشد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفی– تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، خانوارهای 20روستای دهستان تبادکان در پیرامون کلانشهر شهر مشهد میباشد.جمع-آوری اطلاعات با ابزار پرسشنامه محققساخته بر اساس شاخص های استخراج شده انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل مؤثر بر شناوری جمعیت روستایی را میتوان در قالب عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فردی، جغرافیایی-محیطی، نهادی دستهبندی کرد. در این میان عامل اقتصادی-به ویژه متغیر نبود فرصتهای شغلی و نداشتن پشتوانه مالی جهت راه اندازی کسب و کار، عامل اجتماعی- به ویژه عدم تمایل جوانان به اشتغال کشاورزی و عامل فردی – به خصوص ویژگیهای شغلی فرد و نیاز به حرکت روزانه، به ترتیب 37.71، 12.13 و 7.78 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابسته را تبیین کردهاند. همچنین نتایج آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن رابطه معکوس و با شدتی متوسط میان دو متغیر فاصله از شهر و نسبت شناوری جمعیت روستایی را ارائه کرد. در نهایت نتایج حاصل از آزمون رگرسیون لجستیک حاکی از آن است که متغیرهای سن، شغل و داشتن محل سکونت یا خانه در شهر تاثیر آماری معنیداری بر متغیر وابسته (شناوری یا غیرشناوری جمعیت) دارند و قادر به پیش بینی تغییرات متغیر وابسته می باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پیوندهای روستا- شهری؛ جمعیت شناور؛ شاغلان روستایی؛ دهستان تبادکان؛ مشهد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Identify and analyze the factors affecting the formation of rural floating population (Case study: Tebadkan village on the outskirts of Mashhad metropolis) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamid Shayan1؛ hamdola sojasi2؛ fahimeh jafari1 | ||
| 1Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objectives According to the results of the last census of 2016, the city of Mashhad had a population of 3372660 people and 1021068 households. As Mashhad's population grows, large numbers of people from villages around the city flock to Mashhad every day to work or study. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting the formation of the floating population and it seeks to answer the fundamental question of what are the factors influencing the formation of a rural floating population? and whether individual variables such as age, gender, marriage, occupation, etc. affect the population's floating or not? Therefore, in order to answer the questions, we conducted a case study of the factors affecting population floating in Tebadkan village of the second metropolis of Iran. Methods The present research is based on descriptive-analytical methodology in terms of targeting in the field of applied research, and is mainly based on survey data. Therefore, the present study is based on survey research and interviews with the target population on the factors affecting the floating of the rural population in the northern suburbs of Mashhad. Investigating the job characteristics, age, gender, education, family status and factors of formation and continuity of the rural floating population phenomenon in the region is one of the objectives of the research. Based on this, data collection has been done in two types of documents (statistical information of general population and housing censuses in 2006, 2011 and 2016) and survey based on the instrument of the researcher-made questionnaire by referring to sample villages. Results The results showed that the factors influencing the floating of the rural population can be classified in the form of economic, social, individual, geographical-environmental and institutional factors. Meanwhile, the economic factor -especially the lack of job opportunities and lack of financial support to start a business, Social factor-especially the lack of interest of young people in agricultural employment Agriculture and the individual factor -especially individual job characteristics and the need for daily movement - explain 37.71, 12.13 and 7.78 percent of the variance of the dependent variable, respectively. Also, the results of Spearman correlation test showed an inverse relationship with a moderate intensity between the two variables of distance from the city and the floating ratio of the rural population. Finally, the results of logistics regression test indicate that The variables of age, occupation, and having a place of residence or home in the city have a statistically significant effect on the dependent variable (floating or non-population population) and are able to predict changes in the dependent variable. Discussion The research findings confirm that various factors affect the formation of the floating population. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, the factors influencing the formation of the floating population include economic, social, geographical-environmental, individual and institutional factors, respectively. The high cost of living in the city has made people go to work only for work and do not want to live permanently in the city. Lack of connections, including agricultural land, lack of financial and capital support to start a business in the village or even in the city, has caused people, especially young people, to turn to building workers and work in factories and workshops near the city. The second factor that influences the formation of a floating population is the social factor. In fact, in the last two decades, the new generation's career aspirations have changed, and most young people have become more inclined to work in the second and third sectors and are less inclined to work in agriculture. The third factor is the conflicting individual skills, so that young people who do not have job skills in the city turn to jobs such as construction workers, peddlers and simple jobs in industrial estates. Some travel to the city with a college education or a special job because they do not have a job in the village where they live. Some businesses also have special features that require daily movement, such as the truckers of the village of Farmad, who transport the products of the surrounding factories to the city or the materials needed by the surrounding industrial towns. Also, proximity or proximity to the city, convenient communication and public transport facilities have facilitated the study of villages with the city. Climate change, drought and water scarcity have also attracted some villagers to other jobs. On the other hand, as the distance to the floating city decreases, the population increases. So that the largest amount of floating population is allocated to the villages that are located at a distance of 1 to 10 km from Mashhad and villages such as Dehsorkh and Androkh which are located at a distance of 30 km from Mashhad. Not only do they not have a floating population, but they have a large number of returnees who had migrated to Mashhad due to their job opportunities (government employees) and returned to their villages after retiring. Of course, they had agricultural land and houses in the village, and so they turned to farming. However, among the villages a short distance from Mashhad, the Georgian village is an exception because most of the agricultural land has been turned into an industrial workshop due to a change in job structure. To further explain the dependent variable, the logistic regression test showed that as the age increases, the floating population decreases and half of the floating respondents between the ages of 20 and 30 move to the city to work. Job variables also affect population flotation, such as jobs such as peddling, working in private companies, and city workshops (sewing, shoemaking, packaging, etc.) more than other variables, increasing the probability of rural population floating .Given that population floating can have negative effects on villages and towns, Policymakers, legislators and local managers need to work to increase the job skills of young people at the same time and in proportion to the establishment of economic activities at a greater distance from the city. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Rural-urban links, floating population, rural workers, Tebadkan village, Mashhad | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 82 |
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