پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,500 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,091,761 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,195,636 |
فرهنگ خوجالی – گَدَه بَی در قفقاز جنوبی و انتشار آن در شمال غرب ایران | ||
| مطالعات باستان شناسی | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 12، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 23، آذر 1399، صفحه 217-241 اصل مقاله (1.53 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jarcs.2019.250873.142544 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی کریمی کیا* 1؛ رضا رضالو2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری باستانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| 2استاد گروه باستانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در ادبیات باستان شناسی جمهوری آذربایجان فرهنگی به نام فرهنگ خوجالی – گَدَه‌بَی شناخته شده که از لحاظ گاهنگاری در حوزه جغرافیایی قفقاز به عصر مفرغ متاخر و آهن قدیم و در شمال غرب ایران به عصر آهن I و II شامل می شود. این فرهنگ در ادبیات باستان شناسی علاوه بر نام خوجالی – گده‌بی به نام هایی مانند زاقافیای مرکزی، فرهنگ گنجه – قره‌باغ در جمهوری آذربایجان و در ارمنستان فرهنگ لچاشن – متسامور شناخته می شود. از آنجا که این فرهنگ برای اولین بار از منطقه خوجالی – گده‌بی (جمهوری) آذربایجان شناسایی شده به این نام معروف گشته است. بیشترین داده های باستان شناسی این فرهنگ از گورستان های بدون استقرار به دست آمده و مطالعه شده است. در این مقاله سعی خواهد شد شاخصه های اصلی این فرهنگ بصورت توصیفی-تحلیلی با استناد به داده‌های باستان شناسی و با رویکردی مقایسه‌ای به بحث و بررسی گذاشته شود. پرسش هایی ازقبیل اینکه، مهمترین شاخصه‌های باستان شناسی این فرهنگ در جغرافیای مورد مطالعه چیست؟ نقطه شکل گیری، منشاء و مسیر انتشار این فرهنگ چگونه تبیین میگردد؟ پاسخ به این مجهولات می تواند افق روشن و پیش زمینه‌ی مناسبی برای مطالعات این فرهنگ در شمال غرب ایران را فرهم سازد. از ویژگیهای اصلی این فرهنگ، استفاده از سفالهای خاکستری رنگ، تدفین های مختلف الشکل، داشتن نوع زندگی بصورت نیمه کوچرو، در گستره معنوی و مذهبی ساخت و بکارگیری معبد بوده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| فرهنگ خوجالی – گَدَه بَی؛ قفقاز جنوبی؛ جمهوری آذربایجان؛ شمال غرب ایران؛ مفرغ متاخر؛ آهن قدیم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An introduction to the culture of Khojaly-Gadabay in the South Caucasus and its expansion in the northwest of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Karimikiya1؛ Reza Rezaloo2 | ||
| 1PhD student in Archeology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Archeology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Khojaly-Gadabay is a culture in the archeological literature of the Republic of Azerbaijan that was first recognized in the Khojaly region of this country. Chronologically, it dates to the Late Bronze and the Old Iron Ages in the Caucasus area, and the Iron Ages I and II in the northwest of Iran. In addition to Khojaly-Gadabay, this culture is known with the names such as Central Zagafia, Ganja-Garabagh in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and Lechashen-Metsamur in the Republic of Armenia. Most archeological data of this culture have been obtained and studied from the cemeteries of non-residential cites. This descriptive-analytical study analyzes the main characteristics, based on archaeological data and with a comparative approach. In this study, it is tried to answer two main questions. First, what are the most important archaeological attributes of this culture in the studied geography? Second, how the origins and ways of expanding this culture can be explained? This paper can provide a clear understanding and an appropriate background for the study of this culture in the northwest of Iran. The main features of this culture have been the use of gray pottery, various burial shapes, semi-nomadic lifestyle, and the use of structures and temples in the spiritual and religious range. This study aimed at investigating the archeological data obtained both in the South Caucasus and in the northwest of Iran. The main objective of this work is to explore the most important cultural features of Khojaly-Gadabay culture and its distribution areas, as well as clarifying some unknown and dark features and commonalities and differences of this culture in the two mentioned geographical locations.The main questions of this study are as follows: 1) What are the most important archaeological features of this culture in the studied geography? 2) How the nuclei of formation, origin, and dissemination of this culture are explained? The answer to these unknowns can provide a clear horizon and a suitable background for studying this culture in the northwest of Iran (Azerbaijan). Reviewing previous studies show that the main features of this culture are the use of gray pottery, burials of different shapes, having a semi-nomadic life, and the construction and use of temples (in terms of spiritual and religious aspects). Based on the obtained archaeological data of this culture, Azerbaijani archaeologists attribute the formation, origin, and spread of this culture to the west of this country in 1450 to 900/800 B.C. This culture has spread from the South Caucasus to the northwest of Iran (Azerbaijan) between tribes that have been peacefully connected. The present study was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach. The authors of the article try to study this culture in the two geographical areas of the South Caucasus and northwest of Iran using different designs, species of pottery, and metal objects through a comparative approach and provide a clear understanding of this culture. Toward the end of the second millennium BC, tribes and communities engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry emerged in the western part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. All archaeological and cultural data related to these communities are known in the Azerbaijani archeological literature as “Khojaly-Gadabay culture”. Based on the obtained archaeological data of this culture, Azerbaijani archaeologists attribute the formation, origin, and spread of this culture to the west of this country in 1450 to 900/800 B.C. This culture has spread from the South Caucasus to the northwest of Iran between tribes that have been peacefully connected. Khojaly-Gadabay culture has been studied in terms of burial method, as well as archaeological and cultural aspects in the geographical area of the northwest of Iran, especially on the banks of the Aras River in sites or cemeteries such as Jafarabad Khodaafarin Cemetery, Larijan Cemetery, Tuali Sofla Cemetery. One of the main features of Khojaly-Gadabay culture is gray pottery (Figurs: 5,6,7,8) decorated with carvings and bronze objects (Figur: 3). In terms of shape and form, tombs come in a variety of shapes, including box-shaped and stone-shaped tombs in mountainous areas foothills whereas simple graves, earthen tombs, pit, plain-like, and brick graves in plain-like areas. Burials have been performed both collectively and individually. Burials in the residential area of the Caucasus basin were mostly collective and secondary, except that burial with a brick structure has not been obtained from the Caucasus region. Kurgani burials (Figur: 15) and stone-shaped boxes (Figur: 9) are located in two geographical areas in non-residential areas while cemeteries and have been reported from the foothills and around the castles. Khojaly-Gadabay culture pottery includes portable and removable utensils. Commonly used geometric patterns in the study area include horizontal recessed stripes, lace-shape patterns, horizontal lines, dot-like patterns, mushroom-shaped appendages, rhombus-shaped patterns, spring-shaped patterns, and stamped patterns. Animal motifs used in this culture include motifs of goats, rams (Figur: 6), cows, or birds. The resulting pottery is technically divided into two categories of wheel maker and handmade. Interestingly, according to the present study, pottery species show resemblance in two geographical areas, both in terms of pattern and form. One of the interesting points about these cemeteries is the secondary burial and having an altar or temple. The use of sacred sites and religious activities in the residential area obtained from layer VIII of Kul Tepe-I is related to the Chalcolithic period. Also, indemnification of a temple that has cow-horn and horseshoes shaped stoves is related to the Early Bronze Age of Kul Tepe-I and II. The use of sacred sites in residential or burial area in the region is suggestive of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age in the South Caucasus basin. In some of these cemeteries, including Muncuqlu Tǝpǝ/Munjuglu Tepe, each tomb has its own altar, and the altars were built right at the entrance and in front of the tombs. The depth of the altars is 50 cm and the depth of the graves is 70-100 cm. One of the religious sites related to this culture is obtained from the Gegarut site of Armenia, which was named temple (Figur: 10) by an excavator. Another important element in the subject of spirituality and religion is the construction and use of the temple. In this regard, the use of the temple is one of the major features of Khojaly-Gadabay culture. The reason is that some squirrels, dogs, and horses have been found in these tombs. Furthermore, finding an altar platform from the cemeteries and the mixture of soil covering the upper part of the tombs, along with pieces of pottery, has been recognized by archaeologists as a sign of the burial rite with the reception. Sometimes, the temple is built in the settlement area and sometimes in cemeteries and non-settlement, indicting worships in both parts. One of the important features of this culture is the decoration of pottery with animal heads, including ram heads, which were obtained from the Goy Tepe (Figur: 20) and belongs to the Iron Age II. The decoration of the utensils with the heads of animals such as cows, horses, and other animals, in addition to pottery, is also reflected in bronze objects. Pottery with embossed decorations with animal heads (ram or cow heads) from Zayamchai Cemetery of the Republic of Azerbaijan, is seen in this culture. These potters have two holes near the edge and the crescent sign inside the bowls. Like this type of earthen bowl, some potteries were detected in Dinkhah Tepe (Figur: 22) and Kordlar Tepe (Figur: 23). Based on the discovery of uninhabited cemeteries in the foothills and mountainous areas along with the settlement in the lowlands, archaeologists have concluded that the livelihood and lifestyle of the Khojaly-Gadabay culture were semi-nomadic and the inhabitants in mountainous areas had been engaged in livestock and agricultural activities. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Khojaly-Gadabay culture, South Caucasus, Republic of Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran, Late Bronze Age, and Old Iron Age | ||
|
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
|
||
| مراجع | ||
|
آجورلو، بهرام، عسکرپور، وحید، (1391)، «سنت سفالگری ناحیه خداآفرین و نظریه پویایی فرهنگی عصر آهن»، مطالعات باستان شناسی دانشگاه تهران، پاییز و زمستان 1391، شماره 6، صص 12-1. ایروانی قدیم، فرشید، (1389)، گزارش حفاری فصل اوّل کاوش باستانشناسی کورگانهای جعفرآباد، سازمان میراث فرهنگی کشور،منتشر نشده، تهران. ایروانی قدیم، فرشید، ممی‌زاده، سلیمان، (1391)، «گونه شناسی و معرفی سفال های عصر آهن کورگان های جعفرآباد خدا آفرین (فصل اول)»، مطالعات باستان شناسی دانشگاه تهران، پاییز و زمستان 1391، شماره 6، صص 50-33. بخشعلی اف، ولی، مارو، کاترین، (1395)، باستان شناسی نخجوان؛ کاوش‌های ده سال اخیر، ترجمه کریمی کیا، علی، میرزایی، محمد، تهران، کمال اندیشه. دانتی، مایکل، (1396)، آذربایجان در گذر از عصر مفرغ به عصر آهن، ترجمه علیون (خواجه دیزج)، صمد، تبریز، پروژه ترجمه حسنلو. کاظم پور، مهدی، عمرانی، بهروز، رضالو، رضا، (1391)، «نگرشی نو به گورهای کلان سنگی آذربایجان شرقی بر اساس یافته های محوطه زردخانه»، مطالعات باستان شناسی دانشگاه تهران ، بهار و تابستان 1391، شماره 5، صص 174-155. کریمی‌کیا، علی، (1395)، «پژوهشی در فرهنگ خوجالی-گَدَه‌بَی در شمال غرب ایران»، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، به راهنمایی حسن فاضلی نشلی، گروه باستان شناسی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه تهران. طلایی، حسن، (1385)، عصر مفرغ ایران، چاپ اول، تهران، سمت. میرزایی، محمد، کاظمی، محمد، کریمی کیا، علی، (1393)، زیست محیط آذربایجان و آناتولی شرقی در عصر مفرغ و آهن، چاپ اول، تبریز: پروژه ترجمه حسنلو. نیکنامی، کمال الدین، کاظم پور، مهدی، (1390)، گزارش حفاری فصل اوّل کاوش باستانشناسی محوطه زردخانه، سازمان میراث فرهنگی کشور، پژوهشکده باستان شناسی، منتشر نشده. هژبری نوبری، علیرضا، (1386)، گزارش اولین فصل کاوش‌های باستان‌شناختی گورستان‌های باستانی لاریجان و سنگر منطقه خدا آفرین، پروژه مشترک دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع‌دستی و گردشگری با دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه، منتشر نشده. یدالهی هفشجانی، عاطفه، بخشنده فرد، حمیدرضا، ایروانی قدیم، فرشید، (1395)، «مطالعه آلیاژ و روش ساخت النگوهای اقوام مهاجر اوراسیا؛ نمونه موردی، النگوهای بدست آمده از کورگان هشت جعفرآباد»، مطالعات باستان شناسی دانشگاه تهران، بهار و تابستان 1395، شماره 1، صص 204-191. Abibullayev, O.A. 1982, энеолит бронза на территории нахичеванской ACCP, элм, Баку.
Ajourloo, B, Askarpour, V, 2012, The pottery tradition of Khodaafarin area and the theory of cultural dynamics of the Iron Age, Archaeological Studies, University of Tehran, Fall and Winter 2012, No. 6, pp. 1-12, [in Persian].
Ashurov, S. 2007, Zayamchay report of excavation of a catacomb Point 355 of Baku- Tiblisi- Ceyhan and South Caucasus Pipelines Right of Way, Azarbaijan National Acamdemy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Baku-Azerbaijan, pp: 1-18.
Atəşi Qədirova, N. 2014, Xocali - Gədəbəy Maddi Mədəniyyət Numunələri Almanyada, Incəsənət, Dil və Ədəbiyyat institutu Axtarişlar, No: 4, Baki.
Atəşi Qədirova, N. 2015, Azərbaycan Xocali - Gədəbəy Mədəniyyətinin Materyallari Avrupa Muzeylerində (Son Tunc və Erkən Dəmir Dovru), Baki.
Avetisyan, P. Badalyan, S. Smith, R.S. 2000, preliminary report on the 1998 archaeological investigation of project ArAGATS on the tsakahovit plain, Armenia, study micenei ed ego-Anatolici, XLII/I, pp: 19-59.
Badalyan, R.S. Avetsiyan, P. S. 2007, Bronze and Iron Age Archaeological in Armenia. I. MT. Aragats and Its Surrounding region, BAR. International series, Oxford.
Badalyan, R. Smith, A.T. Lindsay, L. Avetisyan, P. 2008, Village, fortress, and town in Bronze and Iron Age Southern Caucasia: A preliminary report on the 2003–2006 investigations of Project ArAGATS on the Tsaghkahovit Plain, Republic of Armenia, pp: 45-105.
Bahshaliyev, V. Marro, K. 2016, Nakhchivan Archeology; Excavations of the last ten years, translated by Karimi Kiya, A, Mirzaei, M, Tehran, Kamal Andisheh, [in Persian].
Bahşeliyev, V. 1998, Nahҫivanda bir erken demir ҫagi nekropolu: Kolani, Turk tarih kurum basimevi, Ankara.
Bəxşəliyev, V. 2002, Naxҫivanin Eekən Dəmir Dovru Mədəniyyəti, Elm ve Tehsil, Baki.
Bəxşəliyev, V. 2004, Naxҫivan Qədim Əkinҫi - Maldar Tayfalarinin Mənəvi Mədəniyyəti, Elm ve Tehsil Baki.
Baxshəliyev, V. 1997, Nahçivan arkeolojisi / The Arcaeology Of Nakhichevan, Arkeoloji ve sanat yayınları, Istanbul.
Baxşəliyev, V. 2008. Naxçivanin Arxeoloji Abidələri. Baki: Elm ve Tehsil.
Brown, B. 1951, Excavation in Azarbaijan, 1948, London, John Murrary.
Burney, C. A. 1961, Excavations at Yanik Tepe, North-West Iran, Iraq, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 138-153.
Burney, C. A. 1973, Excavations at HaftvanTepe 1971: Third-Preliminary Report, Iran, N. 11, pp. 153-72.
Cəfərov, H.F. Cəfərova, D. H. 2015, Palidli Nekropolunda və Ətraf Ərazidə 2013-2014-cü illərdə Aparilmiş Tədgigatlar Hagginda, Azerbaycanda Arxeoloji Tedgigatlari, 2013-2014, pp: 127-132, Baki.
Cəlilov, B.M. Axundova, N.Ə. Mirzoyeva, T.Ə. 2015, GÖYGÖL-GORANBOY Arxeoloji Ekspediyasinin 2013-2014-CÜ Illərdə Apardiği Arxeoloji Tədgigatlara Dair, AZƏRBAYCANDA ARXEOLOJİ TƏDQİQATLAR2013-2014, Baki. Pp: 133-139.
Danti, M. 2013, The late bronze and Early Iron age in Northwestern Iran, Oxford.
Dayson, R. H. Muscarella, O. W. 1989, Construction the chronology and historical implications of Hasanlu IV, Iran. No: 27, pp: 1-27.
Edwards, Michael. 1983. “Excavations in Azerbaijan (North-Western Iran) Haftavan, Period VI”.BAR International series 182.
Guliyeva, Z. 2014, Arpaçay vadisinin tunc dovru Arxeoloji Abidǝlǝri, Elm vǝ tǝhsil, Baki.
Hamlin, C. 1974, The Early Second Millennium Ceramic Assemblage of Dinkhah Tepe, Iran, Vol. 12, pp. 125-153.
Hejbari Nobari, A, 2007, The report of the first chapter of archeological excavations of Larijan and Sangar ancient cemeteries of Khodaafarin region, a joint project of the Faculty of Humanities of Tarbiat Modares University, Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization with the Islamic Azad University of Miyaneh Branch, unpublished, [in Persian].
Huseynov, F. 2007, excavation of sinig körpu kurgan burial, Point 355 of Baku-Tiblisi- Ceyhan and South Caucasus Pipelines Right of Way, Azarbaijan National Acamdemy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Baku-Azerbaijan.pp: 1-10.
Huseynova, M. Agayev, G. Ashurov, S. 2004, Long report excavation of seyidlar Settlement Point 355 of Baku- Tiblisi- Ceyhan and South Caucasus Pipelines Right of Way, Azarbaijan National Acamdemy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Baku-Azerbaijan. pp: 1-76.
Irvani Ghadim, F, 2010, Excavation report of the first chapter of archeological excavation of Jafarabad kurgans, Cultural Heritage Organization of the country, unpublished, Tehran, [in Persian].
Irvani Ghadim, F, Mamizadeh, S, 2012, Typology and introduction of Iron Age pottery of Jafarabad Khodaafarin (Chapter 1), Archaeological Studies, University of Tehran, Fall and Winter 2012, No. 6, pp. 33-50, [in Persian].
Karimikiya, A. Fazeli Nashli, H. Huseynoglu Ashurov, S. Firouzmandi Shirejini, B. Mirzaei, M. Ebrahimi, V. 2017, An Archaeological Study of Xocalı - Gədəbəy culture in Northwestern Iran, Azərbaycan Arxeologyasi və Etnoqrafyasi, pp: 21-30.
Karimikiya, A. 2016, Research in the culture of Khojali-Gadabai in northwestern Iran, Master Thesis, under the guidance of Hassan Fazeli Nashli, Department of Archeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, [in Persian].
Kazempour, M, Omrani, B, Rezaloo, R, 2012, A new approach to the large stone tombs of East Azerbaijan based on the findings of the Zardkhaneh area, Archaeological Studies, University of Tehran, Spring and Summer 2012, No. 5, pp. 155-174, [in Persian].
Kiani, L. Iravani ghadim, F. Ahmadi, H. 2016, About Armaments Discovered on the basis of Investigations in Jafar-Abad and Tu Ali-Sofla (first and second phases of excavations), international journal of fundamental arts and architecture (IJFAA), Vol: 2, No: 2, pp: 8-12.
Lippert, A. 1977. Kordlar Tepe. Iran. No: 15. pp: 174-177.
Lindsay, I. Greene, A. 2013, Sovereignty, mobility, and political cartographies in Late Bronze Age southern Caucasia, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Vol: 32, pp: 691-712.
Manyard, D. 2004, Borsunlu kurgan excavation, Point 355 of Baku- Tiblisi- Ceyhan and South Caucasus Pipelines Right of Way, Azarbaijan National Acamdemy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Baku-Azerbaijan, pp: 1-11.
Mirzaei, M, Kazemi, M, Karimikiya, A, 2014, Environment of Azerbaijan and Eastern Anatolia in the Bronze and Iron Ages, First Edition, Tabriz Hasanlu Translation Project, [in Persian].
Museyibli, N. Jalilov, B. Agayev, G. 2007, excavation of Asrikchai Settlement Site, Point 377 of Baku- Tiblisi- Ceyhan and South Caucasus Pipelines Right of Way, Azarbaijan National Acamdemy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Baku-Azerbaijan, pp: 1-23.
Museyibli, N. Axundova, Q. 2013, Xocali - Gədəbəy Mədəniyyəti Keramikasinin Ornamentlərinin Etno-Arxeoloji Tədqiqati, Azərbaycan Arxeologyasi və Etnoqrafyasi, No 2, pp: 11-19.
Muscarella, O. 1974, The Iron Age at Dinkha Tepe Iran, Metropolitan Museum Journal, Vol. 9, pp. 35-90.
Nəcəfov Nadir oğlu, Ṣ. 2008, Zǝyǝmçay hozǝsinin son tunc—ilk dǝmir dovru gǝbir abidǝlǝri, Baki.
Nəcəfov Nadir oğlu, Ṣ. Əsədov, V.A., 2010, Qaziqulu nekropolunun qəbir abidələri və arxeoloji materyallari, Azərbaycan Arxeologyasi və Etnoqrafyasi, No 1, pp: 56-72.
Nəcəfov Nadir oğlu, Ṣ. 2012, Qaziqulu nekropolunun qəbir abidələri və dəfn adətləri, Azərbaycan Arxeologyasi və Etnoqrafyasi, No 1, pp: 68-85.
Nəcəfov, Ṣ. N., Hϋseynov, M. M., Həsənsu nekropolunun qəbir abidələri və dəfn adətləri. Dӧvlət və Din (ictimai fikir toplusu), iyul-avgust 2011, 4(24), pp: 139-148, Baki.
Nəcəfov, Ṣ. Huseynov, M. 2012, Bozalganli yaşayiş yerinde Arxeoloji tədgigatin ilk yekunlari, Azerbaycan Arxeologyasi, Vol: 15, No: 1, pp: 17-39.
Niknami, K, Kazempour, M, 2011, Excavation report of the first chapter of archeological excavation of Zardkhaneh area, Cultural Heritage Organization, Archaeological Research Institute, unpublished, [in Persian].
Nutiziario, 2005, Armenian – Italian Archaeological expedition. Field season, SMEA: 47, pp: 333-344.
Novruzlu, Ə. I., Baxşəliyev, V. 1993, Culfa bolgəsinin arxeoloji abidələri, Baki, Elm.
Seyidov, A. 2003, Naxçivan e.ә. VII-II Minilliklǝrdǝ, Baki, Elm.
Talaei, Hassan, 2006, Bronze Age of Iran, Tehran, Samt, [in Persian].
Yadalahi Hafshjani, A, Bakhshandeh Fard, H, Irvani Ghadim, F, 2016, "Study of alloy and method of making patterns of Eurasian immigrants; Case study, patterns obtained from Kurgan Hasht Jafarabad, University of Tehran, Spring and Summer, No. 1, pp. 191-204, [in Persian].
Əliyev, V.H., Seyidov, M. M., 1978, II Kultəpədə 1978-ci ildə aparilmiş arxeoloji qazintilarin hesabati, Baki, Azərbaycan. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,135 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 495 |
||
