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بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت بر مبنای شاخص ردپای آب در اقلیم‌های مختلف ایران | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 52، شماره 1، فروردین 1400، صفحه 66-53 اصل مقاله (994.54 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2020.300709.668574 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| توحید علیقلی نیا* 1؛ خلیل قربانی1؛ حسین رضایی2؛ قربان قربانی نصرآباد3 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 3موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از ارکان‌های اساسی مدیریت منابع آب و افزایش بهره‌وری کشاورزی، استفاده بهینه از منابع (آبی) می‌باشد. شاخص ردپای آب یکی از رویکردهای جدید است که بدینمنظور مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در این تحقیق از رویکرد ردپای آب جهت بهینه‌سازی الگوی کشت محصولات زراعی در اقلیم‌های مختلف ایران استفاده شد. برای این منظور 11 محصول زراعی در شش اقلیم مختلف ایران انتخاب شده و ضمن محاسبه ردپای آب محصولات زراعی مورد کشت، به ارزیابی شاخص‌های RIS و ردپای آب آبی واقعی (WFAblue) پرداخته شد. پس از ارزیابی و محاسبه شاخص‌ها، از روش بهینه‌سازی تاپسیس به‌منظور ارائه الگوی کشت بهینه استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در بین محصولات موردبررسی، گندم، جو، یونجه، پنبه و توتون محصولاتی هستند که بیشترین مقدار ردپای آب سبز را دارند که بالاترین مقدار آن نیز در اقلیم PH-C-W (خیلی مرطوب خنک گرم) می‌باشد. این در حالی است که بیشترین مقدار ردپای آب آبی و خاکستری، عمدتاً مربوط به برنج، لوبیا، پنبه و توتون می‌باشد که به دلیل مصرف آب بالای این محصولات (نیاز آبی بالا) می‌باشد. ارزیابی مدل بهینه‌سازی نیز نشان داد که، بهینه‌ترین محصولات برای کشت در منطقه به ترتیب ذرت با 39 درصد اولویت اول، جو با 23 درصد، سیب‌زمینی با 20 درصد، گوجه‌فرنگی با هفت درصد و گندم با یک درصد در اولویت‌های بعدی و بهینه کشت در ایستگاه‌ها معرفی گردیدند. نامطلوب‌ترین محصول برای کشت در استان‌های کشور نیز به ترتیب توتون، پنبه، لوبیا، برنج، چغندرقند و یونجه شناخته شدند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اقلیم بندی؛ الگوی کشت؛ تاپسیس؛ UNESCO؛ WF | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Optimization of Crop Pattern Based on Water Footprint Index in Different Climates of Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| tohid aligholinia1؛ Khalil Ghorbani1؛ Hosein Rezaie2؛ Ghorban Ghorbani Nasrabad3 | ||
| 1Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 3Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the basic elements of water resources management and increasing agricultural productivity is the optimal use of (water) resources. The water footprint index is one of the new approaches used for this purpose. In this study, the water footprint approach was used to optimize the cultivation pattern of crops in different climates of Iran. For this purpose, 11 crops were selected in six different climates of Iran and after calculating the water footprint of the cultivated crops, the RIS indicators and the actual blue water footprint (WFAblue) were evaluated. After evaluating and calculating the indicators, the TOPSIS optimization method was used to provide the optimal cultivation pattern. Results showed that among the proposed products, wheat, barley, alfalfa, cotton, and tobacco had the highest amount of green water footprint, of which the highest one was corresponded to the PH-C-W climate. However, the highest blue and gray water footprint are mainly related to rice, beans, cotton and tobacco, which is due to the high water consumption of these products (high water demand). Evaluation of the optimization model also showed that the most optimal crops for cultivation in the region were respectively corn with 39%, barley with 23%, potato with 20%, tomato with 7% and wheat with 1% priorities. The most undesirable crops for cultivation in the provinces of the country were respectively, tobacco, cotton, beans, rice, sugar beet and alfalfa. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Climate, cultivation pattern, TOPSIS, WF, UNESCO | ||
| مراجع | ||
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