پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,226 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,701 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,009,098 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,691,448 |
Eastern Iran Prehistoric Archaeological Project:First Season of Archaeological Excavations at Kale Kub, South Khorasan Province (2018), Relative and Absolute Chronology | ||
| مطالعات باستان شناسی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 12، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 24، اسفند 1399، صفحه 117-141 اصل مقاله (2.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jarcs.2021.81259 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi* 1؛ Masashi Abe* 2؛ Sepideh Jamshid Yeganeh3؛ Afshin Akbari4 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of the Iranian Center for Archaeology (ICAR) . | ||
| 2Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties | ||
| 3Graduate of Master of Archeology, University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran. | ||
| 4Graduated from the Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Eastern Iran, especially in the prehistoric period, is a completely unknown region on the Iranian archaeological map. More than one hundred years after the beginning of archaeological excavations in Iran, the eastern regions have received little or no attention from archaeologists for various reasons, and there are very limited publications as well. Kale Kub is a prehistoric site that is located in Ayask town, in Sarayan District, South Khorasan Province, eastern Iran. It has sufficient cultural deposits to provide a chronological timeframe of cultural sequence for the prehistoric cultures of this region. The first season of Kale Kub excavations, carried out in 2019, led to the identification of unknown prehistoric cultures in the region, which are introduced in this article. Perhaps the most significant achievement of this excavation was the identification of the 4th millennium BCE cultures, which are well known in the southwest of Iran and Mesopotamia and for which evidence has been obtained far from the centre of this culture. These cultural evidences, which can be considered to belong to the Susa II horizon or late Uruk cultures, include the typical pottery of this period, such as bevelled rim bowls, rough Banesh trays, tubular and nose handle jars, and fine and painted wheel-made pottery, which is well known in the south-western, western, north-western, south-eastern regions and central plateau of Iran, but which have now been identified and introduced for the first time in eastern Iran. In general, based on the excavation of two stratigraphic trenches (A and B) in this site, three cultural periods have been identified so far. They have been classified from the bottom level and the top of the virgin soil are: 1: KALE KUB I (Chalcolithic period, fifth millennium BCE), 2: KALE KUB II (Susa II horizon, fourth millennium BCE), and 3: KALE KUB III (Bronze age, third and second millennia BCE). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Kale Kub؛ Stratigraphy؛ Relative and absolute Chorology؛ Susa II horizon | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Eastern Iran Prehistoric Archaeological Project:First Season of Archaeological Excavations at Kale Kub, South Khorasan Province (2018), Relative and Absolute Chronology | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi1؛ Masashi Abe2؛ Sepideh Jamshid Yeganeh3؛ Afshin Akbari4 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of the Iranian Center for Archaeology (ICAR). | ||
| 2Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties | ||
| 3Graduate of Master of Archeology, University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran. | ||
| 4Graduated from the Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Eastern Iran, especially in the prehistoric period, is a completely unknown region on the Iranian archaeological map. More than one hundred years after the beginning of archaeological excavations in Iran, the eastern regions have received little or no attention from archaeologists for various reasons, and there are very limited publications as well. Kale Kub is a prehistoric site that is located in Ayask town, in Sarayan District, South Khorasan Province, eastern Iran. It has sufficient cultural deposits to provide a chronological timeframe of cultural sequence for the prehistoric cultures of this region. The first season of Kale Kub excavations, carried out in 2019, led to the identification of unknown prehistoric cultures in the region, which are introduced in this article. Perhaps the most significant achievement of this excavation was the identification of the 4th millennium BCE cultures, which are well known in the southwest of Iran and Mesopotamia and for which evidence has been obtained far from the centre of this culture. These cultural evidences, which can be considered to belong to the Susa II horizon or late Uruk cultures, include the typical pottery of this period, such as bevelled rim bowls, rough Banesh trays, tubular and nose handle jars, and fine and painted wheel-made pottery, which is well known in the south-western, western, north-western, south-eastern regions and central plateau of Iran, but which have now been identified and introduced for the first time in eastern Iran. In general, based on the excavation of two stratigraphic trenches (A and B) in this site, three cultural periods have been identified so far. They have been classified from the bottom level and the top of the virgin soil are: 1: KALE KUB I (Chalcolithic period, fifth millennium BCE), 2: KALE KUB II (Susa II horizon, fourth millennium BCE), and 3: KALE KUB III (Bronze age, third and second millennia BCE). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Kale Kub, Stratigraphy, Relative and absolute Chorology, Susa II horizon | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
bdi. K. 2008. Beveled Rim Bowls: Its Application and Dispersion, in Archeology and Art of Iran, 32 articles in honor of Ezatullah Neghaban, by Abbas Alizadeh, Yousef Majidzadeh and Sadegh Malek Shahmirzadi, Tehran, University Publication Center Pp: 64-84. Alden. JR. 1979. Regional Economic Organization in Banesh Period Iran, the University of Michigan, PHD. Alizadeh. A. 2008, Choqa Mish II, The Development of a Prehistoric Regional Center in Lowland Susiana, Southwestern Iran, Final Report On the Last Six Seasons of Excavations, 1972- 1978, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Oriental Institute Publications, Vol: 130. Alizadeh. A. 2014, Ancient Settlement System and Cultures in the Ram Hormuze Plain, Southwestern IRAN, Excavations at Tall-e Geser and Regional Survey of Ram Hoemuz Area, with contributions by Loghman Ahmadzadeh and Mehdi Omidfar, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Oriental Institute Publications, Vol: 140. Alizadeh. A. Aghili Sh. Sarlak S. 2015. Highland-Lowland interaction in the late 4th and early 3rd millennium BCE: the evidence from Qolı¯ Darvı¯s˘, Iranian Central Plateau, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran und Turan 45: 149- 168. Anani. B. 1391. Interaction Spaces in Eastern Iran Based on Findings from the Kale Kub, Sarayan, MA Thesis, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan University, unpublished. Azizi Kharanagh. M.H. Masashi A. Jamshidi Y.S. Anani B. Akbari A. Goodarzi P. 2018. Archaeological Report of strati graphical excavation at kale Kub, Sarayan, South Khorasan Province, Archive report, Library of Archaeological Research Institute (unpublished). Azizi Kharanaghi. M.H. in collaboration with Jamshidi Y.S. Akbari A. Pour Momen Sh. Kasraei N. Khajeh A and Beizai Doust S. 2017. Archaeological Report of the second seasons of archaeological excavation of Tape Pahlavan, Jajarm District, Library of Archaeological Research Institute (unpublished). Azizi Kharanaghi. M.H. Jamshidi Y.S. Masashi A. Akbari A. 2020. New Evidence of Beveled Rim Bowls from Kale Kub, South Khorasan Province, Parseh Journal of Archaeological Studies, Vol: 12, Pp: 29-48. Azizi Kharanaghi. M.H. Thomalsky J. Khanipoor M. Jafari J. 2016. Archaeological research at Tappeh Pahlavan, North Khorasan Province (Northeastern Iran): Report on the 2014 season, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Studies (ANES), Vol: 53, pp: 59-79. Behnia. M.R. 2002. Birjand the jeweled of desert, Tehran, University of Tehran publication. Buikstra J.E. Ubelaker D.H. 1994. Standards of Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains, Fayetteville: Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series. Coon. C. S. 1951. Cave explorations in Iran 1949, Philadelphia university of Pennsylvania. Dana. M. 2019. Late Iron Age and Achaemenid Pottery Traditions in Eastern Iran, Proceedings of the International Conference on Iron Age Archeology in Western Iran and Neighboring Areas, by Yousef Hassanzadeh, Ali Akbar Vahdati and Zahed Karimi, Kurdistan: Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Kurdistan, Pp: 410-392. Dana. M. Rafiei. S.R. 2019. Preliminary report of the fourth Seasons of excavation at Takhcharabad, Birjand, Proceedings of the 17th Annual Iranian Archaeological Conference, by Ruhollah Shirazi and Shaghayegh Horshid, Tehran: Cultural Heritage and Tourism Research Institute, Pp: 184 -182. Delougaz. P. Kantor H.J. edited by: Alizadeh. A. 1996. Choqa Mish I, The First Five Seasons of Excavations, 1961- 1971, Part 1: Text, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Oriental Institute Publications, Vol: 101. Delougaz. P. Kantor H.J. edited by: Alizadeh. A. 1996. Choqa Mish I, The First Five Seasons of Excavations, 1961- 1971, Part 2: Plates, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Oriental Institute Publications, Vol: 101. Deputy Minister of Culture and Cultural Heritage Communications. 2005. South Khorasan Red Gold Land, Tehran, Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization. Fazeli. N.H.2006. Socio-political changes in Qazvin plain, Archaeological excavations of the Tepe Chabristan (Season 3 report), Tehran, Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, Archaeological Research Institute, P.147. Gershman. R. 2000. Kashan Sialk, Vol: I, translated by Karimi. A. Cultural Heritage Organization Publications. Ghasemi. S. Hessari. M. Akbari. H. 2018. Zavarehvar, the Central Site from of the Urbanization Period (Protoliterate) of Varamin Plain: Studying Pottery Features. Parseh J Archaeol Stud. 2018; 2 (4) :51-68 Gopnik. H. Rothman. M.S. 2016. On The Highroad, The History of Godin Tape, Iran, Translate by: Mirghaderi. M.A and Saburi.H, Tehran, The Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia (center for Iranian & Islamic Studies). Grishman, R, 1938, Fouilles De Sialk, Pres De Kashan, 1933, 1934, 1397, Vol: I. Helwing. B. 2011. Proto- Elamite pottery from areas A, C, D and E, in Early Mining and Metallurgy on the Western Central Iranian Plateau, the first five years of work, editors: Vatandoust. A. Panzinger. H. Helwing. B. Archäologie in Iran und Turan, Band: 9, P: 196- 253. Hessari. M. Akbari. H. Sardari Zarchi. A. 2017. Bard Panir: A Station or Settlement of Proto-Writing in the North of Khouzestan. Parseh J Archaeol Stud. 2017; 1 (1): 35-48 Karlovsky. L. Potts. D.T. 2001. Excavations at Tepe Yahya, Iran, 1967-1975, The Third Millennium, BUFFBODY MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Labaf Khaniki. R.A. 1997. Archaeological Survey of Gonabad Qanats, Archaeological Reports (1), P: 289- 271. Labaf Khaniki. R.A. 2012. Review of Khorasan Archaeological Activities from the Beginning to the Present, Proceedings of the 80 years of archeology in Iran, the first volume, edited by Hassanzadeh. Y. Miri. S. Tehran, Parineh publications, collaboration with the National Museum of Iran, P: 127- 158. Labaf Khaniki. R.A. Bashash. R. 1994. Lakh Mazar Birjand Petroglyphs, Research Articles 1, Tehran, Deputy of Introduction and Education of the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization. Majidzadeh. Y. 2008, Excavation At Tepe Gharistan, IRAN, IsIAO, ROMA. Majidzadeh. Y. 2010. Excavations of Ozbaki, Vol: I, Pottery, Cultural heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism of Tehran Province. Malek Shahmirzadi. S. 2012. Sialk Villagers, Proceedings of The Review of Sialk, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Mutin. B. 2013. Ceramic Traditions And Interactions On The South-Eastern Iranian Plateau During The Fourth Millennium BC. In Ancient Iran And Its Neighbours: Local Developments And Long-Range Interaction In The Fourth Millennium BC, edited by Cameron A Petrie, 253–85. Oxford: Oxbow books. Samadi. H. 1951. Eight months of effort to follow the effects of the Stone Age of Iran, Education Monthly, Vol: 25, No. 70- 85- 6. Sarayan Town master plan, sustainable consulting engineers of structural design. 2009. Sarlak. S. 2011. Archeology and history of Qom, the results of archaeological excavations and stratigraphy of Gholi Darvish and Shadgholi Khan sites, Archaeological studies in the historical, cultural and religious axis of Qom, Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Qom Province. Sołtysiak. A. 2010. Death and decay at the dawn of the city. Interpretation of human bone deposits at Tell Majnuna, Areas MTW, EM and EMS, Warszawa: Instytut Archeologii UW. Soroush. M.R. 2012. Archaeological Research in South Khorasan, Proceedings of the 80 years of archeology in Iran, the first volume, edited by Yousef Hassanzadeh and Sima Miri, Tehran, Parineh publications, collaboration with the National Museum of Iran. Tohidi. F. 1977. Khrasan (Sabzavar) archaeological survey report, Khorasan Cultural heritage documentary center (unpublished). Tohidi. F. 1978. Khrasan (Bojnord) archaeological survey report, Khorasan Cultural heritage documentary center (unpublished). Vahdati. A. 2010. Tepe Pahlavan: A Neolithic- Chalcolithic Site in the Jajarm Plain, North-Eastern Iran, Iranica Antiqua, vol. XLV. Yousefi. S. 2008. Report of Buffer Zone determined of Tape Kondori, South Khorasan Province cultural heritage and Tourism Archive, unpublished. Yousefi. S. 2009. Report of Buffer Zone determined of Kale Kub, South Khorasan Province cultural heritage and Tourism Archive, unpublished. Zafaranloo. R. 2004. Archaeological Report of Buffer Zone Determining of Sardakht Baghistan Ferdows, Archive of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of South Khorasan (unpublished). Zagarell. A. 2008. The Prehistory of Northeast Bakhtiari Mountains, The Rise of a Highland Way of Life, Transtate by Roustaei. K. Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 593 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 575 |
||