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نیک زاد, مجتبی, حسینی, سید صفدر, سلامی, حبیب اله, چیذری, امیرحسین, احدی, انورالحق. (1401). ارزیابی و تحلیل مزیت‌های‌نسبی، رقابت‌پذیری و آثار سیاست‌های حمایتی محصولات منتخب پهنه‌های اقتصادی-کشاورزی افغانستان. , 53(2), 301-323. doi: 10.22059/ijaedr.2021.315282.668985
مجتبی نیک زاد; سید صفدر حسینی; حبیب اله سلامی; امیرحسین چیذری; انورالحق احدی. "ارزیابی و تحلیل مزیت‌های‌نسبی، رقابت‌پذیری و آثار سیاست‌های حمایتی محصولات منتخب پهنه‌های اقتصادی-کشاورزی افغانستان". , 53, 2, 1401, 301-323. doi: 10.22059/ijaedr.2021.315282.668985
نیک زاد, مجتبی, حسینی, سید صفدر, سلامی, حبیب اله, چیذری, امیرحسین, احدی, انورالحق. (1401). 'ارزیابی و تحلیل مزیت‌های‌نسبی، رقابت‌پذیری و آثار سیاست‌های حمایتی محصولات منتخب پهنه‌های اقتصادی-کشاورزی افغانستان', , 53(2), pp. 301-323. doi: 10.22059/ijaedr.2021.315282.668985
نیک زاد, مجتبی, حسینی, سید صفدر, سلامی, حبیب اله, چیذری, امیرحسین, احدی, انورالحق. ارزیابی و تحلیل مزیت‌های‌نسبی، رقابت‌پذیری و آثار سیاست‌های حمایتی محصولات منتخب پهنه‌های اقتصادی-کشاورزی افغانستان. , 1401; 53(2): 301-323. doi: 10.22059/ijaedr.2021.315282.668985

ارزیابی و تحلیل مزیت‌های‌نسبی، رقابت‌پذیری و آثار سیاست‌های حمایتی محصولات منتخب پهنه‌های اقتصادی-کشاورزی افغانستان

تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران
مقاله 1، دوره 53، شماره 2، تیر 1401، صفحه 301-323    اصل مقاله (1.68 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijaedr.2021.315282.668985
نویسندگان
مجتبی نیک زاد1؛ سید صفدر حسینی* 2؛ حبیب اله سلامی2؛ امیرحسین چیذری3؛ انورالحق احدی4
1دانشجوی دکتری گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
4استاد و وزیر زراعت، آبیاری و مالداری جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان، کابل، افغانستان
چکیده
بخش کشاورزی محور رشد و توسعه اقتصادی افغانستان و بخش راهبردی در تأمین غذا و معیشت جمعیت رو به رشد آن است. توجه به مزیت­های ­نسبی و رقابتی منطقه­ای محصولات این بخش از جنبه­های مهم تخصیص کارآمد منابع محدود و برنامه­ریزی و سیاست­گزاری تولید و تجارت است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی مزیت­های نسبی، رقابتی و آثار سیاست­های حمایتی ملی و بین­المللی محصولات منتخب هر پهنه اقتصادی-کشاورزی از جمله گندم آبی و دیم، ذرت، برنج، پنبه، سیب­زمینی، زعفران و خشخاش در سال زراعی 98-1397  می‌پردازد. برای دستیابی به این هدف از دو نوع شاخص­های هزینه­ای (تحت ماتریس تحلیل سیاستی PAM) و فیزیکی (مزیت­های کارایی، مقیاس و جمعی) برای تعیین مزیت و همچنین از شاخص­های حمایتی و توان رقابتی استفاده شد و بر اساس آن­ها اقدام به اولویت­بندی محصولات گردید. نتایج نشان می­دهد، با وجود حمایت از کشاورزان در بخش نهاده­های قابل تجارت، سیستم تولید غیرحمایتی بوده، همراه با تحمیل مالیات می­باشد. عدم توجه به شاخص­های مزیت­نسبی و رقابتی و سطح­ پایین آن­ها، لزوم اتخاذ سیاست­های مناسب حمایتی در جهت پیشبرد تولید و صادرات محصولات دارای مزیت­نسبی و رقابتی و اقدامات لازم در جهت افزایش عملکرد و کاهش هزینه­های تولید برای محصولات استراتژیک فاقد مزیت نسبی را ضروری می­نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ماتریس تحلیل سیاستی؛ مزیت ‌‌نسبی و رقابتی؛ سیاست‌های ‌حمایتی؛ پهنه‌های اقتصادی-کشاورزی؛ افغانستان
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation and Analysis of Comparative Advantages, Competitiveness and the Effects of Supportive Policies on Selected Products of Afghanistan's Economic-Agricultural Zones
نویسندگان [English]
Mojtaba Nikzad1؛ Seyed Safdar Hosseini2؛ Habibollah Salami2؛ Amir Hossein Chizari3؛ Anwarul-Haq Ahady4
1Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3Assistant Professor, Department of agricultural economics, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4Professor and Minister of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
چکیده [English]
Agricultural sector is the foundational basis of Afghanistan's economic growth and development, and the strategic sector in providing food and livelihood to its growing population. Paying attention to the regional comparative and competitive advantages of the products of this sector is one of the important aspects of efficient allocation of limited resources. It is also necessary for the planning and policy-making of production and trade. Therefore, the present study examines the comparative and competitive advantages and effects of national and international Supportive policies of selected products in each economic-agricultural zone, including irrigated and rainfed wheat, corn, rice, cotton, potato, saffron, and Poppy in the 2018-2019 crop year. To achieve this goal, two types of indicators Cost base (under Policy Analysis Matrix) and physical base (efficiency, scale, and collective advantages) were used to determine the advantage, as well as supportive and competitiveness indicators, and based on them, products were prioritized. The results show that despite the support of farmers in the tradable inputs sector, the production system is unsupported and is accompanied by taxation. Lack of attention to comparative and competitive indicators and their low level needs the implementation of appropriate supportive policies to promote the production and export of products with comparative and competitive advantages and necessary actions to increase the yield and reduce production costs for strategic products without comparative advantage.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Policy Analysis Matrix, Comparative and Competitive Advantage, Supportive Policies, Economic-Agricultural Zones, Afghanistan
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