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بررسی آبشویی باکتری ایشریشیا کولای در دو خاک اسیدی | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 52، شماره 7، مهر 1400، صفحه 1955-1970 اصل مقاله (1.95 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2021.321673.668932 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
زهرا رمضانی1؛ محمدباقر فرهنگی* 1؛ نسرین قربان زاده1؛ محمود شعبانپور شهرستانی2 | ||
1گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
2گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده علوم کشاورزى، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
برای اصلاح اسیدیته و افزایش حاصلخیزی خاکهای اسیدی کشاورزی در گیلان از کودهای دامی استفاده میشود که اگرچه مفیدند اما دارای باکتریهای کلیفرم هستند که میتوانند به آبهای زیرزمینی راه یافته و این منابع را آلوده کنند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی انتقال باکتری شاخص ایشریشیا کولای در خاک اسیدی بود. دو خاک با pH 88/5 و 93/3 از منطقه املش و لاهیجان نمونهبرداری شد. برای آزمایش آبشویی، خاکها پس از هواخشک شدن و الک شدن بدون تراکم در سیلندرهای پلیوینیل کلراید (قطر 8/4 و ارتفاع 92/14 سانتیمتر) ریخته شد. پس از برقراری جریان اشباع ماندگار، 1/0 حجم منفذی (PV) پالس آلودگی شامل باکتری ایشریشیا کولای (CFU mL-1 108) و برمید (M 008/0) به سر ستون افزوده شد و آبشویی با آب مقطر انجام شد. نمونهبرداری از زهآب خروجی در فواصل زمانی مشخص تا PV 5/4 انجام شد. در زهآب شمار باکتری ایشریشیا کولای و غلظت برمید اندازهگیری شد. پس از پایان آبشویی، ستون خاک به 5 لایه 3 سانتیمتری بریده شد و تعداد باکتری مانده در هر لایه شمارش شد. در زهآب ستون خاک املش و لاهیجان پیک غلظت نسبی باکتری (C/C0) در 7/0 و PV 9/0 رخ داد در حالیکه پیک C/C0 برمید به ترتیب در 8/0 و PV 8/1 دیده شد. بیرون آمدن زودهنگام باکتری از ستون خاک نسبت به برمید به مسیرهای جریان ترجیحی نسبت داده میشود که در ستون خاک لاهیجان به دلیل داشتن رس و ماده آلی بالاتر، بیشتر بود. بیشترین شمار باکتری مانده در هر دو خاک در لایه 3-0 سانتیمتری به دست آمد که در خاک املش بیشتر بود و با افزایش عمق خاک به ترتیب 9/0 و 44/1 واحد لگاریتمی در خاک املش و لاهیجان کاهش یافت. در کل، نه تنها غلظت تجمعی باکتری در زهآب ستون خاک املش بیشتر بود، بلکه تعداد باکتریهای مانده در این خاک نیز به دلیل pH بالاتر بیشتر از خاک لاهیجان بود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
برمید؛ جریان ترجیحی؛ ضریب پالایش؛ شاخص نسبی جذب | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Assessment of Escherichia coli Leaching in two Acidic Soils | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Zahra Ramezani1؛ Mohammad Bagher Farhangi1؛ Nasrin Ghorbanzadeh1؛ Mahmoud Shabanpour2 | ||
1Soil Science Department, Faculty of agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
2Soil Science Department, Faculty of agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Manures are used to increase pH and fertility of acidic soils in Gilan province. Although they are useful, but contain coliform bacteria that can reach the groundwater resources and lead contamination. This study aimed to investigate an indicator bacterium; Escherichia coli transport in two acidic soils. Two soil samples with pH vlues of 5.88 and 3.99 were taken from Amlash and Lahijan area respectively. For leaching experiment, air dried soil was freely packed in Polyvinyl chloride sylinders (with diameter of 4.8 and height of 14.92 cm). A 0.1 pore volume (PV) of bacteria (1× 108 CFU mL-1) and bromide (0.008 mol L-1) as a pulse flow was applied on the top of the soil columns after water flow rate reached steady state condition and leaching experiment was followed with distilled water. Leachate sampling was carried out in regular time intervals till 4.5 PV and E. coli and bromide concentrations were measured in the leachate. Resident E. coli number were also determined in each cutted 3 cm section of soil after leaching experiment endup. C/C0 peak of E. coli in the leachate of Amlash and Lahijan soil columns was observed at 0.7 and 0.9 PV repectively, while the C/C0 peak of bromide was occurred at 0.8 and 1.8 PV respectively. Early occurance of E. coli bacteria rather than bromide in the leachate of both soils was attributed to preferential water flow path which was dominant in the Lahijan soil column due to more clay and organic carbon content. The most resident E. coli number was determined in the surface layer of both soils which was greater in Amlash soil and decreased by 0.9 and 1.44 (log unit) in Amlash and Lahijan soil columns respectively. Overall, not only the cumulative number of E. coli bacteria was higher in the leachate of Amlash soil column, but also it contained more resident E. coli bacteria rather than Lahijan soil column due to greater pH value. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Bromide, Filtration coefficient, Preferential flow, Relative adsorption ratio | ||
مراجع | ||
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