پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,478 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,017 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 122,942,095 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 96,158,921 |
ارزیابی تشکیل اندوده سطحی و ارتباط آن با شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 52، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 66، شهریور 1400، صفحه 1501-1514 اصل مقاله (1.5 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2021.314247.668811 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ایوب آویژگان؛ حسین اسدی* ؛ محمدحسین محمدی؛ منوچهر گرجی | ||
| گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| اندوده سطحی پدیدهای ویژه در بیشتر مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک با پیامدهای شدید کشاورزی و محیطی است که باعث کاهش تخلخل لایه سطحی و نفوذپذیری، و افزایش رواناب و فرسایش خاک میشود. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تشکیل اندوده سطحی و اثر آن بر شاخص کیفیت خاک انجام شد. در این تحقیق، 40 نمونه خاک به صورت مرکب و از عمق 10-0 سانتیمتر در کاربریهای مختلف از هشت استان کشور برداشت شد. مهمترین ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی نمونههای خاک از جمله شاخص اندوده سطحی، ضریب آبگذری و ضریب هواگذری قبل و بعد از اعمال بارندگی اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که به جزء چهار نمونه خاک جنگلی با متوسط کربن آلی حدود 5/5 درصد و شاخص اندوده سطحی حدود یک، تمام نمونه خاکهای مورد مطالعه دارای شاخص اندوده سطحی بیشتر از یک و مستعد تشکیل اندوده سطحی بودند. به طور متوسط، در اثر تشکیل اندوده سطحی، ضریب آبگذری و ضریب هواگذری هر دو حدود 58 درصد کاهش یافتند و از لحاظ کیفیت خاک، نمره این دو نشانگر متاثر از اندوده سطحی نیز به ترتیب به طور متوسط حدود 57 و 66 درصد کاهش پیدا کرد. نتایج ارزیابی شاخص‌های کیفیت تجمعی و نمرو نشان داد که ارزیابی کیفیت خاک بدون در نظر گرفتن اندوده سطحی و ضریب آبگذری و ضریب هواگذری متاثر از آن، باعث بیش برآوردی ارزیابی کیفیت خاک در اکثر نمونههای خاک مورد مطالعه شد. این بیش برآوردی در خاکهای با ساختمان نسبتا پایدار، کمتر از پنج درصد و در خاکهای با ساختمان ناپایدار، بیش از 20 درصد بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شاخص کیفیت تجمعی؛ شاخص کیفیت نمرو؛ شبیهساز باران؛ ضریب هواگذری؛ ضریب آبگذری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of Surface Sealing Formation and Its Relationship with Soil Quality Indices | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ayoub Avizhgan؛ Hossein Asadi؛ Mohammad Hosein Mohammadi؛ Manouchehr Gorji | ||
| Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Surface sealing is a special phenomenon in most arid and semi-arid regions with severe agricultural and environmental consequences that reduces the porosity of soil surface and infiltration, and increases runoff and soil erosion. The aim of this study was to evaluate formation of surface sealing and its effect on soil quality indices. In this study, 40 soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from different land uses from eight provinces of Iran. The most important physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were measured. Also, surface sealing index (SI), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and air permeability coefficient (Ka) were evaluated before and after rainfall application. The results showed with the exception of four forest soil samples with mean organic carbon of 5.5% and SI>1, all soil samples were prone to seal formation. Also, due to seal formation, both Ks and Ka were reduced in average by 58%, and in terms of soil quality, the scores of these two indicators were reduced by 57% and 66%, respectively. Evaluation of soil quality by integrated and Nemero quality indices showed that the soil quality score is overestimated for most of the soils when SI and its effect on Ks and Ka were not accounted in evaluation. This overestimation was less than 5% for the soil samples with stable aggregates, and more than 20% for the soils with weak aggregates. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Integrated quality index, Nemero quality index, Rainfall simulation, Air permeability coefficient, Saturated hydraulic conductivity | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Andrews, S. S., Karlen, D. L., & Cambardella, C. A. (2004). The soil management assessment framework. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68(6), 1945-1962. Askari, M. S., & Holden, N. M. (2015). Quantitative soil quality indexing of temperate arable management systems. Soil and Tillage Research, 150, 57-67. Assouline, S., & Ben-Hur, M. (2006). Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing. Catena, 66(3), 211-220. Bastida, F., Moreno, J. L., Hernandez, T., & García, C. (2006). Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(12), 3463-3473. Bissonnais, Y. l. (1990). Experimental study and modelling of soil surface crusting processes. Catena, Supplement(17), 13-28. Brejda, J. J., Moorman, T. B., Karlen, D. L., & Dao, T. H. (2000). Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators I. Central and Southern High Plains. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64(6), 2115-2124. Chamizo, S., Cantón, Y., Lázaro, R., Solé-Benet, A., & Domingo, F. (2012). Crust composition and disturbance drive infiltration through biological soil crusts in semiarid ecosystems. Ecosystems, 15(1), 148-161. Cherobim, V. F., Favaretto, N., Barth, G., & Huang, C. H. (2018). Soil surface sealing by liquid dairy manure affects saturated hydraulic conductivity of Brazilian Oxisols. Agricultural Water Management, 203, 193-196. Cherobim, V. F., Favaretto, N., Rumbelsperger, A. M. B., & Huang, C.H. (2019). Soil surface sealing by liquid dairy manure as analysed by X-ray computed tomography. Agricultural Water Management, 213, 742-748. Chong-Feng, B., Gale, W., Qiang-Guo, C., & Shu-Fang, W. (2013). Process and mechanism for the development of physical crusts in three typical Chinese soils. Pedosphere, 23(3), 321-332. Doran, J. W., & Parkin, T. B. (1994). Defining and assessing soil quality. In J.W. Doran, D.C. Coleman, D.F. Bezdicek, B.A. Stewart (eds.), Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment (pp. 1-21). SSSA Spatial Publication. Gee, G. W., & Or, D. (2002). 2.4 Particle‐size analysis. In J. H. Dane, G. C. Topp (eds.) Methods of soil analysis: Part 4 physical methods, 5, 255-293. Grossman, R., & Reinsch, T. (2002). 2.1 Bulk density and linear extensibility. In J. H. Dane, G. C. Topp (eds.) Methods of soil analysis: Part 4 physical methods, 5, 201-228. SSSA Book Series. Guo, L., Sun, Z., Ouyang, Z., Han, D., & Li, F. (2017). A comparison of soil quality evaluation methods for Fluvisol along the lower Yellow River. Catena, 152, 135-143. Karlen, D., Erbach, D., Kaspar, T., Colvin, T., Berry, E., & Timmons, D. (1990). Soil tilth: A review of past perceptions and future needs. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54(1), 153-161. Karlen, D., Mausbach, M., Doran, J., Cline, R., Harris, R., & Schuman, G. (1997). Soil quality: a concept, definition, and framework for evaluation (a guest editorial). Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61(1), 4-10. Klute, A., & Dirksen, C. (1986). Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods. Methods of soil analysis: part 1—physical and mineralogical methods(methodsofsoilan1), 687-734. Loeppert, R. H., & Suarez, D. L. (1996). Carbonate and gypsum. In D.L. Sparks, A.L. Page, P.A. Helmke, R.H. Loeppert, P. N. Soltanpour, M. A. Tabatabai, C. T. Johnston, M. E. Sumner (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5, 437-474. SSSA Book Series. Maïga-Yaleu, S., Guiguemde, I., Yacouba, H., Karambiri, H., Ribolzi, O., Bary, A., . . . Chaplot, V. (2013). Soil crusting impact on soil organic carbon losses by water erosion. Catena, 107, 26-34. Mermut, A., Luk, S., Römkens, M., & Poesen, J. (1995). Micromorphological and mineralogical components of surface sealing in loess soils from different geographic regions. Geoderma, 66(1-2), 71-84. Mohammadi, M. H., & Vanclooster, M. (2019). A simple device for field and laboratory measurements of soil air permeability. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 83(1), 58-63. Moncada, M. P., Gabriels, D., Lobo, D., De Beuf, K., Figueroa, R., & Cornelis, W. M. (2014). A comparison of methods to assess susceptibility to soil sealing. Geoderma, 226, 397-404. Mualem, Y., & Assouline, S. (1996). Soil sealing, infiltration and runoff. In A.S. Issar, S.D. Resnick (eds.) Runoff, infiltration and subsurface flow of water in arid and semi-arid regions. (pp. 131-181): Water Science and Technology Library, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2929-1_4 Nimmo, J. R., & Perkins, K. S. (2002). 2.6 Aggregate stability and size distribution. In J. H. Dane, G. C. Topp (eds.) Methods of soil analysis: Part 4 physical methods, 5, 317-328. SSSA Book Series. Nosrati, K. (2013). Assessing soil quality indicator under different land use and soil erosion using multivariate statistical techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(4), 2895-2907. Qi, Y., Darilek, J. L., Huang, B., Zhao, Y., Sun, W., & Gu, Z. (2009). Evaluating soil quality indices in an agricultural region of Jiangsu Province, China. Geoderma, 149(3-4), 325-334. Reynolds, W., Drury, C., Tan, C., Fox, C., & Yang, X. (2009). Use of indicators and pore volume-function characteristics to quantify soil physical quality. Geoderma, 152(3-4), 252-263. Rhoades, J. (1996). Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5, 417-435. Richards, L. (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Handbook, 60. Roth, C., Sumner, M., & Stewart, B. (1992). Soil sealing and crusting in tropical South America. Soil Crusting. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 267-300. Sinha, S., Masto, R., Ram, L., Selvi, V., Srivastava, N., Tripathi, R., & George, J. (2009). Rhizosphere soil microbial index of tree species in a coal mining ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(9), 1824-1832. Takoutsing, B., Weber, J., Aynekulu, E., Martín, J. A. R., Shepherd, K., Sila, A., . . . Diby, L. (2016). Assessment of soil health indicators for sustainable production of maize in smallholder farming systems in the highlands of Cameroon. Geoderma, 276, 64-73 Thomas, G. W. (1996). Soil pH and soil acidity. In D.L. Sparks, A.L. Page, P.A. Helmke, R.H. Loeppert, P. N. Soltanpour, M. A. Tabatabai, C. T. Johnston, M. E. Sumner (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5, 475-490. SSSA Book Series. Valentin, C., & Bresson, L. (1997). Soil crusting. Methods for assessment of soil degradation, 89-107 Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37(1), 29-38. Zambon, N., Johannsen, L. L., Strauss, P., Dostal, T., Zumr, D., Cochrane, T. A., & Klik, A. (2020). Splash erosion affected by initial soil moisture and surface conditions under simulated rainfall. Catena, 196, 104827. Zhang, C., Xue, S., Liu, G.-B., & Song, Z.-L. (2011). A comparison of soil qualities of different revegetation types in the Loess Plateau, China. Plant and Soil, 347(1-2), 163-178.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 476 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 348 |
||