پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,230 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,759 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 115,136,567 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,899,969 |
Townscapes of War Capital; Prioritizing Memorable Townscapes in Khorramshahr from the Dwellers’ Point of View | ||
| Contemporary Researches on Islamic Revolution | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 3، شماره 9، آذر 2021، صفحه 213-235 اصل مقاله (819.75 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Science - Research | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 20.1001.1.26767368.2021.3.9.11.5 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Aida Baghery Beheshty* | ||
| Ph.D., Department of Urban Development, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Townscape is an essential element in creating collective memories (i.e., memories people collectively share as a group in a city, affecting the identity of that city, the cultural continuity, and the relationship between generations). One of the collective memories -that have happened in different countries- in the war. A war that is fought to defend the homeland and preserve the identity, culture, and honor of a country is part of the valuable memories of a society. In various western cities, including Berlin, Warsaw, and Moscow, the scenes of the collective memories of the war have been reconstructed. Still, in Iran, although fought in an imposed war, these scenes have been less regarded. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the views of Khorramshahr dwellers about the impact of war townscape on the revival of memories of that period. It seeks to find priorities in townscape criteria on war-based memories. With the descriptive-analytical method, the present study aimed to express the applicable standards of the reminiscent townscape and analyze them in Berlin, Moscow, and Warsaw(in World War II). Finally, to study the townscape impact on younger inhabitants’ war idea -who has not experienced that war, the townscapes have been prioritized using a questionnaire analysis. The results indicated that battle scars on walls and beheaded palms have the priority and the Grand Mosque as the symbol of the city function has the second. The title, Bloody City, has the third one according to the dwellers’ point of view. Finally, some solutions have been suggested to improve the townscape of Khorramshahr, emphasizing collective memories of the war. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Townscape؛ Collective Memories؛ War؛ Khorramshahr | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| منظر شهری پایتخت جنگ؛ اولویت سنجی مناظر خاطره ساز جنگ در خرمشهر از دیدگاه ساکنان | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| آیدا باقری بهشتی | ||
| دکترای شهرسازی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| منظر یکی از مهم‌ترین عناصر در ایجاد خاطرات جمعی است. خاطره جمعی، خاطراتی است که مردم به صورت گروهی در بستر شهر سهیم هستند و یکی از مفاهیم موثر بر هویت شهر، تداوم فرهنگی و رابطه میان نسلها است. یکی از خاطرات جمعی که در کشورهای مختلف نیز رخ داده است، جنگ است. جنگی که به قصد دفاع از وطن باشد در راستای حفظ هویت و فرهنگ و ناموس مملکت باشد، بخشی از خاطرات ارزشمند یک جامعه محسوب می‌شود. در شهرهای مختلف غربی از جمله برلین، ورشو و مسکو، مناظر خاطرات جمعی جنگ مورد بازسازی قرار گرفته است، اما در ایران که جنگی تحمیلی بوده، این مناظر کمتر دیده شده است. هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی نظرات ساکنان خرمشهر درباره تاثیر منظر جنگ بر احیای خاطرات این دوران است و به دنبال یافتن اولویتها در معیارهای منظر بر خاطرات مبتنی بر جنگ است. روش تحقیق توصیفی ـ اکتشافی بوده، ابتدا معیارهای مؤثر منظر خاطره ساز بیان شده و به تحلیل آن در جنگ جهانی دوم درسه شهر برلین، مسکو و ورشو پرداخته و در نهایت با شناخت منظر خرمشهر جهت دستیابی به تاثیرگذاری بر خاطرات جنگ از دیدگاه ساکنین که جنگ را تجربه نکرده اند، با تحلیل پرسشنامه اولویت‌بندی شدند. یافته‌های به دست آمده حاکی از آن است، نشانه های جنگ مانند دیوارهای گلوله خوردی و نخلهای سربریده اولویت اول و مسجد جامع به عنوان عملکرد شهری اولویت دوم و خونین شهر به عنوان لقب شهر (نام) اولویت سوم را از دیدگاه ساکنان دارد و در آخر به ارائه راهکارهایی جهت بهبود منظر خرمشهر با تاکید بر خاطرات جمعی مبتنی بر جنگ بیان شده است | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| منظر شهری, خاطرات جمعی, جنگ, خرمشهر | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Alexandrovskiy, A; et al. (2015). "The Early History of Moscow: Dates from Red Square." Proceedings of the 16th International Conference. (W.G. Mook and J. V. Plicht). Vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 583-589.
Arandjelovica, B; Bogunovich, D. (2014). "City Profile: Berlin." Cities. Vol. 37, issue (April, 2014), pp.1-26.
Ayyash, D. (2013). "The Brandenburg Gates: Unity, Division, and Reinvented Tradition in Post-wall Berlin." Master Thesis. City Planning. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Bell, S. (2015 AD/1394 SH). Model Perspective, Perception and Process. (B, Aminzadeh. Trans). First Edition. Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
Boyer, C. (1994). The City of Collective Memory: Its Historical Imagery and Architectural Entertainments. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Correia, S. (2013). "Death and Politics: The Unknown Warrior at theCenter of the Political Memory of the First World War in Portugal." E-journal of Portuguese History. Vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 6-29.
Cullen, G. (2008 AD/1387 SH). Selected Urban Landscape. (M,Tabibian. Trans). Third Edition. Tehran: University of Tehran Press. Davidaston, M. (2004). A Planners Dictionary. Washington: American Planning Association published.
Dennen, J. (1981). "On War: Concepts, Definitions, Research Data - A Literature Review and Bibliography." UNESCO Yearbook on Peace and Conflict Studies 1980. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp.128-89.
Eraydin, Z. (2014). "The Global Image of the City: Impacts of Place Branding on the Image of Ankara." Ph.D. Thesis. City and Regional Planning. Middle East Technical University.
Farzan, S. (2020 AD/1399 SH). "Design and Change of the Use of Ahmadzadeh Square Buildings in Khorramshahr in the form of Cultural-commercial Complex, with the Aim of Facilitating the Reconstruction of Urban Life." Master Thesis. Architecture. Iran University of Science and Technology.
Felasari, S. (2013). "Enhancing Virtual City with Collective Memory to Support Urban Design Learning." Ph.D. Thesis. Architecture the University of Sheffield.
Habibi, A. (2001 AD/1380 SH). Khorramshahr in War. First Edition. Tehran: Center for War Studies and Research.
Habibi, M. (2008 AD/1387 SH). "Let's Clear the Imaginary Forms of the City." Journal of Architecture and Construction. Vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 115-117.
Haseman, D; et al. (2005). "Implementation of a Group Decision Support System Utilizing Collective Memory." Information & Management. Vol. 4, no. 42, pp. 591–605. IRGC War Studies and Research Center. (1993 AD/1372 SH). From Khooninshahr to Khorramshahr (Report on the Passage of the Occupation Phase). IRGC Publications–operations' Office,Tehran.
Jaber, K. (2008 AD/1387 SH). The Last Night in Khorramshahr, Memoirs of Iraqi Colonel Kamel Jaber. (F, Sabzpoosh. Trans). Second Edition. Tehran: Sure, Mehr Publications.
Jackson, H. (2017). "The USSR in World War II." Classroom Country Profiles. University of Washington, https://jsis.washington.edu/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/02/2018///USSR_WWII.pdf Jazini, M. (2008 AD/1387 SH). Bibliography of Khorramshahr. First Edition. Tehran: Shahed Publications.
Kennedy, G. (2017). Pan-european Displaced Archives in the Russian Federation. First Edition. London: Routledge.
Markozani, E. (2019). "Reclaiming the Memory: A Memorial Scape Along Neretva River, Mostar." Master Thesis. Architecture and the Built Environment. Delft University of Technology.
McGilvray, E. (2019). Poland and the Second World War, 1938–1948. (n.p.). Pen & Sword Books Ltd.
Mir Moghtadaei, M. (2009 AD/1388 SH). "Criteria for Measuring the Possibility of Formation, Recording, and Transfer of Collective Memories in the City (Case Study: Tehran)." Journal of Fine Arts. Vol. 10, no. 37, pp. 5-16.
Montgomery, J. (2011). Moscow, Russia, ULI. First Edition. London: Urban Land Institute.
Nassar, J. (2014 AD/1393 SH). Evaluative Mental Image of the City. (M, Asadi Mahalchali. Trans). First Edition. Tehran: Armanshahr Publications.
Niemczyk, M. (1998). "City Profile Warsaw (Warszawa)." Cities. Vol.15, no. 4, pp. 301–311.
Parvin, H. (2013 AD/1392 SH). "Landscape of War, designing a part of Khorramshahr with the Approach of Reviving the Memories and Values of the Imposed War." Master Thesis. Landscape, University of Tehran.
Righi, C. (2014). "Lebanese Youth: Memory and Identity." Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Social Psychology, the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).
Sepehri, M. (2012 AD/1391 SH). The Book of Noureddin the Son of Iran (Memoirs of Sayyed Noureddin Arefi). Forty-second Edition.Tehran: Surah Mehr Publications.
Spearn, A. (2008 AD/1387 SH). Townscape Language. (H, Bahreini; B, Aminzadeh. Trans). Second Edition. Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
Tolle, A. (2010). "Urban Identity Policies in Berlin: From Critical Reconstruction to Reconstructing the Wall." Cites. Vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 348-357.
Vajihi, A. (2013 AD/1392 SH). "Historical and Legal Background of Khorramshahr Wars Throughout History." The First Conference of Academics and the Holy Defense, Shahr-e Rey.
Warsaw Tourist Office. (2019). WARSAW, Warsaw Meetings Guide.Tourism in Warsaw Report. Warsaw Tourist Office.
Winter, C. (2009). "Tourism, Social Memory, and the Great War."Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 607–626.
Wozniak, M; et al. (2007). "Continuity of Y chromosome haplotypes in the population of Southern Poland before and after the Second World War." Forensic Science International: Genetics. Vol. 1, no.2, pp. 134–140.
Zhou, W. (2016). "Construction of Traditional Cultural Tour Landscape Field Based on City Memory-taking Nanjing Fuzimiao(Confucius Temple) Qinhuai Scenic Area as an Example." Vol. 24. International Seminar on Social Science and Humanistic Education (SSHE 2015).https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/ 20162401005. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 250 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 256 |
||