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An Analysis of Esoteric Interpretation From the Viewpoint of Qāḍī ‘Abd al-Jabbār and Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd | ||
| Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies | ||
| دوره 4، شماره 2، مهر 2022، صفحه 207-219 اصل مقاله (584.03 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Scholary | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mohammad Sharifi* 1؛ Asma Narimani Asl2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Department of Qur’ān and Ḥadīth Sciences, Faculty of Islamic Theology and Knowledge, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran | ||
| 2Level-four seminarian in comparative interpretation, Seminary of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| One of the principles accepted by the majority of Islamic sects is esoteric interpretation. Of the main issues common between Mu‘tazila and neo-Mu‘tazila movements is esoteric interpretation. The Mu‘tazila esoteric interpretation is based on intellect, by which they esoterically interpret the verses that are seemingly against intellect. There is another principle that has roots in Islamic legislation. This principle regards dividing the qur’ānic verses into ambiguous and non-ambiguous verses and then esoterically interpreting the ambiguous ones. In these cases, they try to accord the intellect with the narrations; however sometimes due to the lack of accurate understanding of the narrations or mistakes in the intellectual rules, they try esoteric interpretation of the narration. The neo-Mu‘tazila intellectual movement is one of the outstanding theological trends in the Islamic world. Its roots can be traced back to the old Mu‘tazila thinkers, who tried to found the basis of Islamic knowledge on intellectualism. They tried to use esoteric interpretation and figurative expression in the interpretation of texts and also use intellect in understanding Islamic knowledge and sciences. The study at hand adopts a descriptive-critical approach to analyze the viewpoints of Qāḍī ‘Abd al-Jabbār Hamdānī – an old Mu‘tazila member – and Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd – the most important neo- Mu‘tazila figure. ‘Abd al-Jabbār uses a completely theological and doctrinal basis to conduct esoteric interpretation for the outward of the verses. However, Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd believes that esoteric interpretation is a method or instrument for understanding the phenomena. He believes that from an ideological perspective, esoteric interpretation cannot be defined, and the esoteric interpretation of religious texts is not possible. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Esoteric interpretation؛ Mu‘tazila؛ Neo-Mu‘tazila؛ Qāḍī ‘Abd al-Jabbār؛ Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| تحلیل و بررسی «تأویل» از دیدگاه قاضی عبد الجبار و نصرحامد أبوزید | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| محمد شریفی1؛ اسماء نریمانی اصل2 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران | ||
| 2طلبه سطح چهار تفسیر تطبیقی حوزه علمیه اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| «تأویل» یکی از مبانی است که غالب فرقههای اسلامی آن را پذیرفتهاند. مسأله تأویل از جمله مهمترین مسائل ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻪ و ﺟﺮﯾﺎن «ﻧﻮﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻪ» اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺄوﯾﻞﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻪ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ آن ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻋﻘﻞ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ و معتزلیان آﯾﺎت ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻘﻞ را ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ میﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﻣﺒﻨﺎی دﯾﮕﺮی در ﺷﺮع دارد و آن ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ آﯾﺎت ﻗﺮآن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ و ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎت اﺳﺖ. در این موارد آنان درصدد توافق میان عقل و نقل بوده‌اند، اما گاهی به سبب درک نادرست نقل و یا خطا در حکم عقل، به تأویل نقل رو آورده‌اند. ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﮑﺮی ﻧﻮﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻪ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮔﺮاﯾﺶﻫﺎی ﮐﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ درﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم اﺳﺖ و ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه آن را در آرای ﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﯿﺎن ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ کرد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﮐوشیدند ﺑﻨﺎی ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﯽ اﺳﻼم را ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻋﻘﻞﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﭘﯽرﯾﺰی ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ و ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز در ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻧﺼﻮص و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﻋﻘﻞ در ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺎرف و ﻋﻠﻮم اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﺳﺮﻟﻮﺣﻪ ﮐﺎر آﻧﺎن ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی توصیفی و انتقادی، به تحلیل و بررسی دیدگاه قاضی عبدالجبار همدانی از ﻣﻌﺘﺰلیان سابق و نصرحامد ابوزید، مهمترین شخصیت نوﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻪ می‌پردازد. عبدالجبار ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﺎیی کاملاً کلامی و اﻋﺘﻘﺎدی، دﺳﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ ظواهر آﯾﺎت می‌زد، اﻣﺎ نصرحامد ابوزید معتقد است تأویل، روش یا ابزاری برای درک پدیدههاست و از منظر ایدئولوژیک تأویل را نمی‌توان تعریف کرد و به تأویل متون دینی نمی‌توان پرداخت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| تأویل, ﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻪ, نوﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻪ, قاضی عبدالجبار, نصرحامد أبوزید | ||
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