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مقایسه جنبه‌های بوم شناختی و اقتصادی دامداری به شیوه‌ی بره‌پی و شیردوشی در مرتع | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| دوره 74، شماره 3، آذر 1400، صفحه 625-632 اصل مقاله (661.5 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2021.142614.963 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد فرزام* 1؛ یاسمین فاضلی2؛ محمد قربانی3 | ||
| 1استاد گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد مرتعداری، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3استاد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دامداران مرتعی بطور سنتی از مراتع برای تولید انواع محصولات نظیر شیر، گوشت و پشم استفاده می کنند، اما در سال-های اخیر روش تولید گوشت به عنوان تنها محصول (روش بره‌پی) در بین برخی دامدارن خراسان رضوی دامداران در حال گسترش است. در این تحقیق تاثیر 7 سال بهره برداری از مرتع به دو روش بره پی و شیردوشی بر روی شرایط اکولوژیک و منافع اقتصادی دامداران در دو مرتع مجاور هم مقایسه شد. ابتدا با انجام بازدید‌های صحرایی، تاج پوشش، تولید و کلاس‌های خوشخوراکی در دو مرتع اندازه‌گیری و با آزمون t مقایسه شد.در مرحله بعد وزن دام، میزان تولید شیر و گوشت، زمان صرف‌شده برای مدیریت دام و فعالیت‌های شبانه‌روزی دامها مقایسه شد. براساس نتایج ، از نظر تولید علوفه و کلاس‌های خوشخوراکی تفاوتی بین دو شیوه بهره‌برداری مشاهده نشد. در روش بره‌پی درآمدها به میزان 17% بیشتر ولی هزینه‌ها 70% کمتر از روش شیردوشی بود که باعث افزایش سود خالص به میزان 24 % شد. در روش بره‌پی دامها مدت 4 ساعت بیشتر ی برای چرا و راهپیمایی در شبانه روز صرف کردند، که این خود باعث کاهش حفاطت خاک شده بود. پیش بینی می شود که سود بالاتر و مدیریت آسان‌تر در روش بره پی سبب تشویق دامداران به استفاده از این روش در آینده شود. لذا پیشنهاد می‌گردد مطالعات آینده به منظور یافتن راهکارهایی جهت استفاده از مراتع تحت روش بره پی با کمترین آسیب به خاک و پوشش گیاهی متمرکز شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اقتصاد مرتع؛ تولید گوشت؛ روش شیردوشی و بره‌پی؛ فعالیت روزانه دام؛ مدیریت دام در مراتع | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating ecological and economic aspects of rangeland livestock managements for meat or milk production | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Farzam1؛ Yasamin Fazeli2؛ mohammad Ghorbani3 | ||
| 1Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 2MSc in Range Management, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Agriculture Economy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rangeland stockholders are traditionally using their rangeland for producing various livestock productions such as milk, wool and meet (Several Products, SP). However in recent years, meat production as the only product (Meat Production, MP) is implemented in some rangelands of Khorasan Razavi. We compared effects of 7 years rangeland utilization methods (SP or MP) on the rangeland ecology and their economic benefits for the stockholders. By doing field visits, plant canopy cover, productivity, rangeland conditions and trends, and species diversity were measured and then calculated. Moreover, livestock weight, milk and meat productions, the time spent for livestock management, and 24 hours activities of animals in the rangelands were measured and compared between SP and MP methods. Results indicated similar species diversity and plant production for both MP and SP methods. Major differences were found in terms of incomes, total incomes was 17% higher but total expenses were 70% lower in MP method, leading to 24% higher net income. Moreover, rangers had to spend more time for preparing milk products and selling them in cities, by the MP method. In their daily activity, livestock spent hours more for walking and grazing, which had led to higher soil and vegetation deterioration in MP site. In future, higher income and easier livestock management may encourage stockholders towards higher implementation of MP method. Therefore, future studies should consider best MP method that leads to least side effects on the rangeland soil and vegetation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| rangeland economy, meat production, milk production method, daily livestock activity, livestock management in rangelands | ||
| مراجع | ||
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