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غربتگزینی و روح الینه شده در درون‌مایۀ شعری «شیرکو بیکَس» و «معروف رصافی» | ||
| پژوهش ادبیات معاصر جهان | ||
| دوره 27، شماره 1، مرداد 1401، صفحه 232-273 اصل مقاله (724.07 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jor.2020.297006.1944 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اسماعیل برواسی1؛ احمدرضا حیدریان شهری* 2؛ حسین ناظری2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترای زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| «شیرکو بیکَس» شاعر بلندآوازۀ کُرد و «معروف رصافی» شاعر مشهور عرب از شعرای معاصر عراق در قرن بیستم هستند که غربتگزینی در اشعارشان نمودی خاصّ دارد. افزون بر غربت روحی نشأتگرفته از شرایط زندگی شخصی، دو شاعر از اغتراب اجتماعی ـ سیاسی و زمانی و به تبع آن از اغتراب مکانی رنج میبردهاند. از آن روی که تاکنون جستار مستقلّی به بررسی و تحلیل تطبیقی پدیدۀ غربتگزینی در شعر رصافی و بیکَس نپرداخته است، لذا نگارندگان در پژوهش حاضر برآناند تا به بررسی تطبیقی غربتگزینی در شعر دو شاعر بپردازند. مسألۀ بنیادین پژوهش حاضر این است که پدیدۀ غربتگزینی، چگونه و در چه قالبهایی در سرودههای دو شاعر، نمود یافته و با چه مفاهیمی پیوند خورده است؟ جهت بررسی این مسأله، نگارندگان از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی مبتنی بر بررسی بُنمایههای جامعهشناختی سرودههای دو شاعر بهره گرفتهاند. اغتراب روحی، اجتماعی و سیاسی نشأتگرفته از هژمونی بیگانگان و فرومایگان، ناخرسندی از اقامت در وطن، ناکامی و دَرهَمشکستگی، خفقان و فقدان آزادی، بیداد، تباهی اخلاق و معیارهای اصیل، سرخوردگی از بیاعتنایی مردم به ندای روشنگرانه، اندوه برخاسته از واپسگرایی، حسرت بر زوال سرزمین مادری و کهنالگوهای اصیل، دو شاعر را به انزوا سوق داده است؛ همچنانکه از اغتراب زمانی ناشی از ناخرسندی از زندگی و مصیبتهای روزگار و اشتیاق بازگشت به گذشته و غربت مکانی حاصل از دوری از وطن رنج میبردهاند. در مقایسه با رصافی، نگاه شیرکو به مسائل جهانیِ برآمده از اندوه و غربت دامنۀ وسیعتری را در بر میگیرد. در میان مفاهیم متعلّق به غربتگزینی، وطن جلوهگاه خاصّی دارد که سایر عناصر برانگیزندۀ اغتراب را تحتالشّعاع قرار داده است زیرا وطن کانون و نقطۀ عطفی است که سیر تمام مسائل اجتماعی، سیاسی، زمانی و مکانی و احساس غربت برآمده از آن در شعر دو شاعر، پیرامون آن میگردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شعر کُردی؛ شعر عربی؛ غربتگزینی؛ بیکَس؛ رصافی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Alienation and the Alienated Spirit in the Poetic Themes of Sherko Bekas and Ma’arouf Rosafi | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Esmaeil Barwasi1؛ Ahmadreza Heidaryan Shahri2؛ Hossein Nazeri2 | ||
| 1PhD Student of Arabic Language and Literature, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Sherko Bekas The renowned Kurdish poet and Ma’arouf Rosafi the famous Arab poet are contemporary Iraqi poets of the twentieth century who have a particular interest in alienation in their poetic themes. The two poets suffered from social, political, and consequently, they have suffered from the alienation of place In addition to the mental alienation of personal life. Since there is no independent study of comparative analysis of the phenomenon of alienation in the poetry of Bekas and Rosafi, so the authors aimed to do a comparative study of alienation in the poetry of two poets. The fundamental question of the present study is how the phenomenon of alienation and in what form is it expressed in the poems of the two poets, and with what implications is it linked? To study this issue, the authors have used a descriptive-analytical approach based on the sociological foundations of the poems of these two poets. spiritual, social and political alienation resulted from the hegemony of aliens and the downtrodden, resentment of living at home, Failures and fractures, suffocation and lack of freedom, rampant corruption, destruction of moral and the original criteria, frustration at people's disregard for enlightenment, disillusioned by the public's disregard for the Enlightenment, the sadness of retrogression, the regret over the decline of the motherland, and the ancient archetypes, have led the two poets into isolation along with the time alienation caused by dissatisfaction with life and calamities of the time and the time alienation and the desire to return to the past. Compared to Rosafi, Bekas outlook on global issues arising out of grief and alienation is broader. Among the concepts associated with alienation, the home has a particular theme that overshadows other provocative elements of the alienation. Because the home is the focal point for all the social, political, time and place issues and the sense of alienation surrounds around it in the poetry of the two poets. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Kurdish Poetry, Arabic Poetry, Alienation, Bekas, Rosafi | ||
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| مراجع | ||
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