News

Saberi, Y., Toloueiazar, J., Razi, M., Tofighi, A. (2022). The Effect of Low, Moderate and High Intensity Exercise Trainings on Apoptotic Indices of Testicular Tissue in Male Rats. , 14(2), 43-60. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2022.338392.1510
Yousef Saberi; Javad Toloueiazar; Mazdak Razi; Asghar Tofighi. "The Effect of Low, Moderate and High Intensity Exercise Trainings on Apoptotic Indices of Testicular Tissue in Male Rats". , 14, 2, 2022, 43-60. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2022.338392.1510
Saberi, Y., Toloueiazar, J., Razi, M., Tofighi, A. (2022). 'The Effect of Low, Moderate and High Intensity Exercise Trainings on Apoptotic Indices of Testicular Tissue in Male Rats', , 14(2), pp. 43-60. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2022.338392.1510
Saberi, Y., Toloueiazar, J., Razi, M., Tofighi, A. The Effect of Low, Moderate and High Intensity Exercise Trainings on Apoptotic Indices of Testicular Tissue in Male Rats. , 2022; 14(2): 43-60. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2022.338392.1510

The Effect of Low, Moderate and High Intensity Exercise Trainings on Apoptotic Indices of Testicular Tissue in Male Rats

نشریه علوم زیستی ورزشی
Article 4, Volume 14, Issue 2, September 2022, Pages 43-60    PDF (1.81 M)
Document Type: Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
DOI: 10.22059/jsb.2022.338392.1510
Authors
Yousef Saberi1; Javad Toloueiazar* 2; Mazdak Razi3; Asghar Tofighi1
1Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2Corresponding Author. Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: The effect of sports training with different intensities on the induction or inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis process in testicular tissue has remained unknown.This study aimed to investigate the effect of continuous training with low intensity (LICT), moderate (MICT), and high intensity (HICT) on the apoptosis process in the testicular tissue of rats.
Methods: For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into LICT, MICT, HICT, and Control groups. The LICT, MICT, and HICT groups were trained with an intensity of 50-60%, 65-70%, and 80-85% of the maximum velocity, respectively. Protein and gene expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were measured by Western Blot and quantitative PCR methods. The research data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. 
Results: The LICT and MICT groups showed no significant statistical changes in the Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 expression levels compared to the control group (P>0.05). However, In the HICT group, the expression of Bcl-2 decreased significantly (P=0.01) and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 increased significantly (P<0.05). Also, the number of apoptotic cells in LICT and MICT did not show a significant change, but it increased significantly in the HICT group (P=0.001). 
Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of LICT and MICT has no significant effect on the occurrence or induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis process in testicular tissue. While the HICT group induces the apoptosis process by decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 and increasing the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 and increasing the number of apoptotic cells in the testicular tissue.
Keywords
Exercise Trainings; Testicular tissue; Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway; Wistar rats
References
  1. Treede R-D, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Pain. 2019;160(1):19-27.
  2. Pai MO, Venkatesh S, Gupta P. The role of infections in infertility: A review. International Journal of Academic Medicine. 2020;6(3):189.
  3. Ruggeri M, Cannas S, Cubeddu M, Molicotti P, Piras GL, Dessole S, et al. Bacterial agents as a cause of infertility in humans. New Microbiol. 2016;39(3):206-9.
  4. Turner KA, Rambhatla A, Schon S, Agarwal A, Krawetz SA, Dupree JM, et al. Male infertility is a women’s health issue—research and clinical evaluation of male infertility is needed. Cells. 2020;9(4):990.
  5. Hauser R, Paz G, Botchan A, Yogev L, Yavetz H. Varicocele and male infertility: part II: varicocele: effect on sperm functions. Human reproduction update. 2001;7(5):482-5.
  6. Ribeiro AS, Deminice R, Schoenfeld BJ, Tomeleri CM, Padilha CS, Venturini D, et al. Effect of resistance training systems on oxidative stress in older women. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2017;27(5):439-47.
  7. Zini A, San Gabriel M, Baazeem A. Antioxidants and sperm DNA damage: a clinical perspective. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. 2009;26(8):427-32.
  8. Jacobs AL, Schär P. DNA glycosylases: in DNA repair and beyond. Chromosoma. 2012;121(1):1-20.
  9. Fanaeei H, Azizi Y, Khayat S. The role of stress oxidative in infertility male. A review Fasa Medical University Journal (FMUJ). 2014;2:93-103.
  10. Obeng E. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) and its signals-A review. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2020;81(4):1133-43.

11.Garcia-Saez AJ. The BCL-2 family saga. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2020;21(10):564-5.

  1. Allsopp TE, Wyatt S, Paterson HF, Davies AM. The proto-oncogene bcl-2 can selectively rescue neurotrophic factor-dependent neurons from apoptosis. Cell. 1993;73(2):295-307.
  2. Suleiman JB, Nna VU, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Eleazu CO, Bakar ABA, et al. Protective effects of bee bread on testicular oxidative stress, NF-κB-mediated inflammation, apoptosis and lactate transport decline in obese male rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2020;131:110781.
  3. Sadeghi F, Miri N, Barikani A, Hossein Rashidi B, Ghasemi Nejad A, Hojaji E, et al. Comparison of Food intake, physical activity and weight in infertile and healthy women aged 25-40 years. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2015;18(173):32-40.
  4. Chigurupati S, Son TG, Hyun D-H, Lathia JD, Mughal MR, Savell J, et al. Lifelong running reduces oxidative stress and degenerative changes in the testes of mice. The Journal of endocrinology. 2008;199(2):333.
  5. Mirzaei M, Namiranian N, Bagheri-Fahraji B, Gholami S. Infertility and physical activity: A cross-sectional study of women living in Yazd aged 20-49 yr, 2014-2015. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine. 2020;18(9):795.
  6. West DW, Phillips SM. Associations of exercise-induced hormone profiles and gains in strength and hypertrophy in a large cohort after weight training. European journal of applied physiology. 2012;112(7):2693-702.
  7. Yi X, Tang D, Cao S, Li T, Gao H, Ma T, et al. Effect of different exercise loads on testicular oxidative stress and reproductive function in obese male mice. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2020;2020.
  8. Brown DA, Johnson MS, Armstrong CJ, Lynch JM, Caruso NM, Ehlers LB, et al. Short-term treadmill running in the rat: what kind of stressor is it? Journal of applied physiology. 2007;103(6):1979-85.
  9. Høydal MA, Wisløff U, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen Ø. Running speed and maximal oxygen uptake in rats and mice: practical implications for exercise training. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2007;14(6):753-60.
  10. Azar JT, Maleki AH, Moshari S, Razi M. The effect of different types of exercise training on diet-induced obesity in rats, cross-talk between cell cycle proteins and apoptosis in testis. Gene. 2020;754:144850.
  11. Kim D-H, Kim S-H, Kim W-H, Moon C-R. The effects of treadmill exercise on expression of UCP-2 of brown adipose tissue and TNF-α of soleus muscle in obese Zucker rats. Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry. 2013;17(4):199.
  12. Wang R, Tian H, Guo D, Tian Q, Yao T, Kong X. Impacts of exercise intervention on various diseases in rats. Journal of sport and health science. 2020;9(3):211-27.
  13. Zhao Y, Tan Y, Dai J, Li B, Guo L, Cui J, et al. Exacerbation of diabetes-induced testicular apoptosis by zinc deficiency is most likely associated with oxidative stress, p38 MAPK activation, and p53 activation in mice. Toxicology letters. 2011;200(1-2):100-6.
  14. Minas A, Najafi G, Jalali AS, Razi M. Fennel induces cytotoxic effects against testicular germ cells in mice; evidences for suppressed pre‐implantation embryo development. Environmental toxicology. 2018;33(8):841-50.
  15. Salmani S, Razi M, Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei F, Mahmoudian A. Testosterone amplifies HSP70-2a, HSP90 and PCNA expression in experimental varicocele condition: Implication for DNA fragmentation. Reproductive Biology. 2020;20(3):384-95.
  16. Khosrowbaki A. The role of oxidative stress in male infertility: A review. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2013;15(9):94-103.
  17. Khoshtabiat L, Mahdavi M. The role of oxidative stress in proliferation and cell death. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2015;25(127):130-45.
  18. Mooren FC, Krüger K. Exercise, autophagy, and apoptosis. Progress in molecular biology and translational science. 2015;135:407-22.
  19. Yazdanparast Chaharmahali B, Azarbayjani MA, Peeri M, Farzanegi Arkhazloo P. The Effect of Moderate and High Intensity Interval Trainings on Cardiac Apoptosis in the Old Female Rats. Report of Health Care. 2018;4(1):26-35.

31.Manna I, Jana K, Samanta P. Effect of intensive exercise‐induced testicular gametogenic and steroidogenic disorders in mature male Wistar strain rats: a correlative approach to oxidative stress. Acta physiologica scandinavica. 2003;178(1):33-40.

32.Manna I, Jana K, Samanta P. Effect of different intensities of swimming exercise on testicular oxidative stress and reproductive dysfunction in mature male albino Wistar rats. 2004;42(8):816-22.

  1. Jana K, Samanta PK, Manna I, Ghosh P, Singh N, Khetan RP, et al. Protective effect of sodium selenite and zinc sulfate on intensive swimming-induced testicular gamatogenic and steroidogenic disorders in mature male rats. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2008;33(5):903-14.
  2. Chigrinskiy E, Conway V. Protective effect of D-ribose against inhibition of rats testes function at excessive exercise. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 2011;7(3).
  3. Quadrilatero J, Hoffman-Goetz L. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine prevents exercise-induced intestinal lymphocyte apoptosis by maintaining intracellular glutathione levels and reducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2004;319(3):894-901.
  4. Nieman DC. Exercise, infection, and immunity. International journal of sports medicine. 1994;15(S 3):S131-S41.
  5. Simpson RJ, Lowder TW, Spielmann G, Bigley AB, LaVoy EC, Kunz H. Exercise and the aging immune system. Ageing research reviews. 2012;11(3):404-20.
  6. Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wideranging implications in tissue kinetics. British journal of cancer. 1972;26(4):239-57.
  7. Li NC, Wei XX, Hu YL, Hou X, Xu H. Aerobic exercise blocks interleukin‐6 levels and germ cell apoptosis in obese rats. Andrologia. 2018;50(2):e12880.
  8. Navalta J, Sedlock D, Park K-S. Effect of exercise intensity on exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis. International journal of sports medicine. 2007;28(06):539-42.
  9. Delchev SD, Georgieva KN, Koeva YA, Atanassova PK. Bcl-2/Bax ratio, mitochondrial membranes and aerobic enzyme activity in cardiomyocytes of rats after submaximal training. Folia medica. 2006;48(2):50-6.
  10. Greijer A, Van der Wall E. The role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in hypoxia induced apoptosis. Journal of clinical pathology. 2004;57(10):1009-14.
  11. Sari-Sarraf V, Amirsasan R, Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Faraji H. Effect of creatine supplementation on the factors involved in apoptosis-related process (Bax, Bcl-2) and their ratio (Bcl-2/Bax) during acute resistance exercise in middle-aged men. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 2016;21(4):17-28.
  12. Morishima N, Nakanishi K, Takenouchi H, Shibata T, Yasuhiko Y. An endoplasmic reticulum stress-specific caspase cascade in apoptosis: cytochrome c-independent activation of caspase-9 by caspase-12. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2002;277(37):34287-94.
  13. Young S, Marshall R, Hill R. Hypoxia induces DNA overreplication and enhances metastatic potential of murine tumor cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1988;85(24):9533-7.
  14. Koeva Y, Delchev S, Georgieva K, Atanassova P, editors. Heat Shock protein-70 expression in testis following endurance training of rats. Proceedings of the Balkan scientific conference of biology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; 2005.
  15. Feng HL, Sandlow JI, Sparks AE. Decreased expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 is associated with the pathogenesis of male infertility. Fertility and sterility. 2001;76(6):1136-9.
  16. Santana ET, Serra AJ, Silva JA, Bocalini DS, Barauna VG, Krieger JE, et al. Aerobic exercise training induces an anti-apoptotic milieu in myocardial tissue. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física. 2014;20:233-8.
  17. Samadian Z, Azar JT, Moshari S, Razi M, Tofighi A. Moderate-intensity exercise training in sole and simultaneous forms with insulin ameliorates the experimental type 1 diabetes-induced intrinsic apoptosis in testicular tissue. International journal of sports medicine. 2019;40(14):909-20.
  18. Marques-Aleixo I, Santos-Alves E, Balca M, Rizo-Roca D, Moreira P, Oliveira P, et al. Physical exercise improves brain cortex and cerebellum mitochondrial bioenergetics and alters apoptotic, dynamic and auto (mito) phagy markers. Neuroscience. 2015;301:480-95.
  19. Majidi A, Poozesh Jadidi R, Azali Alamdari K, Bashiri J, Nourazar MAR. Effects of Aerobic Training and Curcumin Supplementation on Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and MiRNAs Expression in Rats Exposed to Arsenic. Sport Physiology. 2020;12(48):39-60.

52.Yoo S-Z, No M-H, Heo J-W, Chang E, Park D-H, Kang J-H, et al. Effects of a single bout of exercise on mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles. Journal of exercise rehabilitation. 2019;15(4):512.

  1. Oláh A, Németh BT, Mátyás C, Horváth EM, Hidi L, Birtalan E, et al. Cardiac effects of acute exhaustive exercise in a rat model. International journal of cardiology. 2015;182:258-66.
  2. Hasani S, Habibian M. The effect of regular high-intensity interval exercise on some apoptotic factors in the brain tissue of old female rats. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2018;22(2):128-33.
  3. Colombo R, Siqueira R, Conzatti A, Fernandes TRG, Tavares AMV, da Rosa Araújo AS, et al. Aerobic exercise promotes a decrease in right ventricle apoptotic proteins in experimental cor pulmonale. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 2015;66(3):246-53.
  4. Koçtürk S, Kayatekin B, Resmi H, Açıkgöz O, Kaynak C, Özer E. The apoptotic response to strenuous exercise of the gastrocnemius and solues muscle fibers in rats. European journal of applied physiology. 2008;102(5):515-24.
  5. McMillan EM, Graham DA, Rush JW, Quadrilatero J. Decreased DNA fragmentation and apoptotic signaling in soleus muscle of hypertensive rats following 6 weeks of treadmill training. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2012.
  6. Liu W, He W, Li H. Exhaustive training increases uncoupling protein 2 expression and decreases Bcl-2/Bax ratio in rat skeletal muscle. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2013;2013.
Statistics
Article View: 887
PDF Download: 638


Journal Management System. Powered by Sinaweb