پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 158 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,225 |
| تعداد مقالات | 67,685 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 114,960,296 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 89,633,870 |
تأثیر کیفیت محیطی محلات شهری در حفظ سلامت روان شهروندان در دورۀ همه‌گیری کرونا (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر کرمانشاه) | ||
| مدیریت مخاطرات محیطی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 9، شماره 1، فروردین 1401، صفحه 17-30 اصل مقاله (690.61 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی کاربردی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jhsci.2022.339460.710 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا حقی1؛ احسان حیدرزاده* 2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در پی همه‌گیری بیماری کرونا از اواخر سال 2019 میلادی و در پیش گرفتن سیاستهای قرنطینۀ خانگی، کاهش حضور در مراکز پرازدحام، دورکاری مشاغل، تحصیل از درون منزل و اقدامات مشابه، نگرانیهایی در خصوص آثار منفی این اقدامات بر سلامت روان مردم مطرح شد. پژوهش حاضر با درک این نگرانیها در پی تحلیل نقش کیفیت محیطی محلات شهری در حفظ سلامت روان شهروندان در دورۀ همه‌گیری کرونا برآمده است. روش پژوهش، تحلیلی- تفسیری و مبتنی بر مطالعات اسنادی و پیمایش میدانی است. در گام نخست برای تدوین پرسشنامه، اصلی‌ترین متغیرهای محیطی در مقیاس محله از مقالات معتبر استخراج شد. به‌منظور ارزیابی سلامت روان افراد از پرسشنامۀ استاندارد Dass-21 استفاده شد. جامعۀ آماری شامل شهروندان کرمانشاهی بود که از میان آنها 200 نفر به‌طور تصادفی به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. روایی پرسشنامۀ کیفیت محیطی با دریافت نظر خبرگان شهرسازی و پایایی آن نیز به کمک آلفای کرونباخ به تأیید رسید. در ادامه، داده‌های حاصل از پرسشنامه‌ها در نرم‌افزارSPSS وارد شده و به کمک مدل‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تحلیل همبستگی کانونی سنجیده شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کیفیت محیطی محلات در پنج عامل «ساختار عملکردی»، «آسایش محیطی»، «کیفیت فضای شهری»، «سیمای بصری» و «منظر اجتماعی» دسته‌بندی می‌شود. خروجی تحلیل همبستگی کانونی نیز وجود رابطۀ همبستگی میان عوامل محیطی و سلامت روان را تأیید می‌کند. بنابر یافته‌ها در دورۀ همه‌گیری کرونا دو عامل «ساختار عملکردی» و «سیمای بصری» محلات شهری بیشترین ارتباط را با سلامت روان اهالی داشته‌اند. این پژوهش از آن جهت که تکرار مخاطراتی مشابه همه‌گیری کرونا در آینده، دور از انتظار نیست و نیز به این دلیل که در ایران پژوهش‌های چندانی به‌ویژه با ماهیت کمّی و مبتنی بر مدل‌های آماری معتبر صورت نپذیرفته حائز اهمیت است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| روان‌شناسی محیطی؛ سلامت روان؛ کووید-19؛ کیفیت محیطی؛ محلۀ مسکونی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Role of Neighborhood Environmental Quality in Maintaining the Citizens' Mental Health during the Covid-19 Epidemic (Case Study: Kermanshah City) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Reza Haghi1؛ Ehsan Heidarzadeh2 | ||
| 1Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran | ||
| 2Urbanism Department, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction The worldwide challenge of Covid-19 disease (especially in 2020 and 2021) and concerns about its consequences on people's mental health, once again drew attention to improving the quality of the urban environment. In fact, the policies of governments in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, which were mainly in the form of quarantine, banning people from attending crowded centers, telecommuting, e-learning, etc., have raised concerns about the consequences of such policies on people's mental health. In other words, during the Covid-19 Crisis, it is felt that familiar, vibrant, and social public spaces are lost. This issue caused the present study to be based on the role of urban neighborhoods in maintaining the mental health of citizens during the Covid-19 epidemic. Accordingly, the present study answers the following two questions: What are the environmental variables affecting the mental health of people in the neighborhood scale? During the Covid-19 epidemic, which environmental factors in cities have played a more prominent role in maintaining the mental health of society? Materials and Methods The present research is a descriptive-analytical study based on documentary studies and field surveys. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors and the mental health of citizens during the Covid-19 epidemic. Therefore, awareness of the environmental factors in the city and the mental health of citizens is a prelude to achieving the research goal. At first, in order to estimate the status of environmental factors, related indicators have been extracted from reliable sources, which has led to a total of 23 indicators. On the other hand, in order to assess the mental health status of citizens, the Dass-21 standard questionnaire was used. Therefore, each respondent must answer two questionnaires, including 1- Environmental Factors Questionnaire and 2- Dass-21 Mental Health Questionnaire. The Environmental Factors Questionnaire includes a set of closed questions that have been compiled based on the indicators extracted from previous scientific articles. The question options are based on a 5-point Likert scale. As this questionnaire is a researcher-made type, so it is necessary to check its validity and reliability. The validity of the questions was checked through interviews with experts and the reliability was confirmed according to the Cronbach's alpha test (0.846) for the first 30 questionnaires. The Dass-21 questionnaire, which is known as a standard questionnaire in the field of mental health, has been used with the environmental factors’ questionnaire at the same time. In order to test the research hypotheses, the city of Kermanshah has been selected as the case study and the citizens of Kermanshah have been selected as the statistical society. The sample size based on Cochran's formula and values of p = q = 0.5 and d = 0.07 was almost equal to 200 people, which was selected randomly among the residents of this city. After completing the questionnaires of environmental factors and mental health, the data was entered in SPSS software. Environmental variables are first categorized using exploratory factor analysis model. Also, the values of three components of stress, anxiety and depression were calculated based on the Dass-21 questionnaire. In the following, the focal correlation coefficient has been investigated between environmental factors and mental health components. Discussion and Results The variables that explain the subject were summarized in the form of 5 factors including "functional structure", "environmental comfort", " quality of urban space", "visual image" and "social scape". Considering that the total cumulative variance of the five factors is equal to 60.185, it can be said that about 60% of the efficiency of the variables in explaining the environmental quality of urban neighborhoods is confirmed, which is an acceptable statistic. In the following, the correlation of these factors with the three components of mental health has been investigated. For this purpose, Focal Correlation analysis has been used in SPSS software. In the first focal, the correlation coefficient between the two concepts of environmental quality and mental health is equal to 0.563 and the corresponding significant value (Sig.) is less than 0.05. The square of the focal correlation coefficient is called the focal root, which is equal to 0.317, it means the main variables related to environmental quality predict and explain about 31.7% of the changes in the main variables of mental health. By calculating the square of the focal loads, the role of each factor in predicting the variance of mental health can be understood. Based on this, it can be said that the first factor is about 51%, the second factor is about 17%, the third factor is about 23%, the fourth factor is about 50% and the fifth factor is about 7% of the variance of mental health. Conclusion Findings show that the environmental quality of neighborhoods can be classified into 5 factors: "functional structure", "environmental comfort", " quality of urban space", "visual image" and "social scape". On the other hand, mental health was obtained based on the Dass-21 questionnaire in the form of three components: "stress", "anxiety" and "depression". In the following, the focal correlation between 5 environmental quality factors and 3 components of mental health has been investigated and the findings confirm the correlation between them. According to the research findings, some macro strategies are suggested as follows: - Organizing the space structure of Kermanshah neighborhoods based on meeting the daily and weekly needs of the people on a local scale. - Recreating the structure and configuration of the neighborhoods of Kermanshah with the approach of improving pedestrianization. - Improving the visual image of neighborhoods through cleanliness of the environment, improving the brightness of streets, maintaining and promoting key elements and identity building. - Improving the legibility of neighborhoods by eliminating the shortcomings of the five elements of path, node, edge, landmark and district. - Increasing the sense of responsibility of the people by encouraging the people participation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Environmental Quality, Residential Neighborhood, Mental Health, Environmental Psychology, Covid-19 | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1]. آبرون، علی‌اصغر؛ قرایی، فریبا؛ و طباطبائیان، مریم (1397). «واکاوی ابعاد کیفیت محیط شهری مؤثر بر سطح سلامت روانی شهروندان»، آرمانشهر، 25، ص 263-251.
[2]. تقی‌پور، ملیحه؛ حیدری، علیاکبر؛ و حقایق، مریم (1399). «بررسی تأثیر ابعاد سلامت بر انتخاب مسکن استیجاری در بین شهروندان شهر شیراز»، مطالعات شهری، 36، ص 68-55.
[3]. حکیمیان، پانته‌آ؛ و مظهری، مهرنوش (1399). «تدوین چارچوب مفهومی تبیین‌کنندۀ کیفیت‌های طراحی شهری مرتبط با سلامت روان ساکنان محلات شهری»، گفتمان طراحی شهری، 1(1)، ص 17-11.
[4]. حنیفه، فاطمه؛ رشید کلویر، حجت‌الله؛ ابوالقاسمی، عباس؛ اکبری، حسن؛ و کاسگر محمدی، شعیب (1398). «نقش ویژگی‌های کالبدی در پیش‌بینی شاخص‌های روانی و اجتماعی ساکنین مجتمعهای مسکونی شهر رشت»، مطالعات شهری، 32، ص 76-65.
[5]. سعیدی قهه، عاطفه؛ شاهدی، بهرام؛ خیرآبادی، غلامرضا؛ و طراحی، محمدجواد (1399). «رابطۀ بین ویژگی‌های محیط مسکونی با افسردگی ساکنان»، تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، 18(2)، ص 287-270.
[6]. طاهری، ثریا؛ و طاهری، جعفر (1397). «ارزیابی عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر سلامت روان در مجموعه‌های مسکونی»، هویت شهر، 40(13)، ص 74-57.
[7]. عظیمی، المیرا؛ ستارزاده، داریوش؛ بلیلان، لیدا؛ عبداله‌زاده طرف، اکبر؛ و فرامرزی اصلی، مهسا (1399). ارزیابی تأثیر عوامل کالبدی- محیطی فضاهای عمومی بر سلامت روان شهروندان، تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، 20(59)، ص 319-307.
[8]. نعیمی فروتنی‌نژاد، فریسا؛ رهبری‌منش، کمال؛ البرزی، فریبا؛ و خوانساری، شیدا (1399). «تحلیل معماری مجتمعهای مسکونی براساس مؤلفه‌های کالبدی مؤثر بر سلامت روانی ساکنان»، مطالعات ناتوانی، 10(174)، ص 9-1.
[9]. Arafa, A.; Mohamed, A.; Saleh, L.; & Senosy, S. (2021). “Psychological Impacts of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on the Public in Egypt”, Community Mental Health Journal, 57, pp: 64-69. DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00701-9.
[10]. Beemer, C.J.; Stearns-Yoder, K.A.; Schuldt, S.J.; Kinney, K.A.; Lowry, C.A.; Postolache, T.T.; Brenner, L.A.; & Hoisington, A.J. (2019). “A brief review on the mental health for select elements of the built environment”, Indoor and Built Environment, 0(0), 1-14. DOI: 10.1177/1420326X19889653.
[11]. Blanco, C., M. Wall, M., & Olfson, M. (2020). “Psychological Aspects of the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(9), pp: 2757–2759. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05955-3.
[12]. Browning, M.; Larson, L. R.; Sharaievska, I.; Rigolon, A.; McAnirlin, O.; Mullenbach, L.; et al. (2021). “Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States”, Plos One, 16(1), 1-27. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245327.
[13]. Collins, R.M.; Spake, R.; Brown, K. A.; Ogutu, B.O.; Smith,D.; & Eigenbrod, F. (2020). “A systematic map of research exploring the effect of greenspace on mental health”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 201, 103823, pp.1-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103823.
[14]. Honey-Rosés, J.; Anguelovski, I.; Chireh, V.K.; Daher, C.; Konijnendijk van den Bosch, C.;Litt, J.S.; et al. (2020). “The impact of COVID-19 on public space: an early review of the emerging questions – design, perceptions and inequities”, Cities & Health. DOI:10.1080/23748834.2020.1780074.
[15]. Koohsari, M. J., Badland, H., & Giles-Corti, B. (2013). “(Re)Designing the built environment to support physical activity: Bringing public health back into urban design and planning”, Cities, 35, 294-298. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2013.07.001.
[16]. Minihan, E., Gavin, B., Kelly, B. D., & McNicholas, F. (2020). “COVID-19, mental health and psychological first aid”, Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 37, 259-263. DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.41.
[17]. Moore, T.H.M., Kesten, J.M., López-López, J.A., Ijaz, S., McAleenan, A., Richards, A., Gray, S., Savovic, J., & Audrey, S. (2018). “The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review”, Health and Place, 53, 237- 257. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.012.
[18]. Morgul, E., Bener, A., Atak, M., Akyel, S., Aktaş, S., Bhugra, D., Ventriglio, A., & R Jordan, T. (2021). “COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue in Turkey”, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67(2), 128-135. DOI: 10.1177/0020764020941889.
[19]. Moughtin, C., Moughtin, K. M., & Signoretta, P. (2009). Urban design: Health and the therapeutic environment, Architectural Press, Elsevier.
[20]. Nunez-Gonzalez, S., Delgado-Ron, J. A., Gault, C., Lara-Vinueza, A., Calle-Celi, D., Porreca, R., & Simancas-Racines, D. (2020). “Overview of "Systematic Reviews" of the Built Environment’s Effects on Mental Health”, Hindawi: Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Article ID 9523127, 1-10. DOI: 10.1155/2020/9523127.
[21]. Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Voitsidis, P., Blekas, A., Gliatas, I., Porfyri, G., Golemis, A., Papadopoulou, K., Dimitriadou, A., Chatzigeorgiou, A., Bairachtari, V., Patsiala, S., Skoupra, M., Papigkioti, K., Kafetzopoulou, C., & Diakogiannis, I. (2020). “Psychological and Behavioral Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece”, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1-17. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00821.
[22]. Peleg, K., Bodas, M., J. Hertelendy, A., D. Kirsch, T. (2021). “The COVID-19 pandemic challenge to the All-Hazards Approach for disaster planning”, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 55, 102103, 1-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102103.
[23]. Pelgrims, I., Devleesschauwer, B., Guyot, M., Keune, H., S. Nawrot, T., Remmen, R., D. Saenen, N., Trabelsi, S., Thomas, I., Aerts, R., M. De Clercq, E. (2021). “Association between urban environment and mental health in Brussels, Belgium”, BMC Public Health, 21:635, 1-18. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10557-7.
[24]. Pineo, H. (2020). “Towards healthy urbanism: inclusive, equitable and sustainable (THRIVES) – an urban design and planning framework from theory to praxis”, Cities & Health. DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2020.1769527.
[25]. Pineo, H., Zimmermann, N., Cosgrave, E., W. Aldridge, R., Acuto, M., & Rutter, H. (2018). “Promoting a healthy cities agenda through indicators: development of a global urban environment and health index”, Cities & Health, 2(1), 1-19. DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2018.1429180.
[26]. Ram, B., S Limb, E., Shankar, A., M Nightingale, C., R Rudnicka, A., Cummins, S., Clary, C., Lewis, D., R Cooper, A., S Page, A., Ellaway, A., Giles-Corti, B., H Whincup, P., G Cook, D., & G Owen, C. (2020). “Evaluating the effect of change in the built environment on mental health and subjective well-being: a natural experiment”, J Epidemiol Community Health, 74, 631-638. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213591.
[27]. Rollings, K.A.; & Bollo, C.S. (2021). “Permanent Supportive Housing Design Characteristics Associated with the Mental Health of Formerly Homeless Adults in the U.S. and Canada: An Integrative Review”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 9588, pp:1-37. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189588.
[28]. Sheek-Hussein, M., M. Abu-Zidan, F., Stip, E. (2021) “Disaster management of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic”, International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 14:19, 1-10, DOI: 10.1186/s12245-021-00342-z.
[29]. Walsh, S., & Lajoie, A. S. (2018). “Influence of Built Environment Quality and Social Capital on Mental Health of Residents of Assisted Living Communities in Louisville, Kentucky”, Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 4, 1-9. DOI: 10.1177/2333721418795900.
[30]. Wang, L., Zhou, Y., Wang, F., Ding, L., E.D. Love, P., & Li, S. (2021). “The Influence of the Built Environment on People’s Mental Health: An Empirical Classification of Causal Factors”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 74, pp: 1-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103185.
[31]. Wankmüller, C. (2021). “European disaster management in response to the COVID‑19 pandemic”, Mind & Society, 20, 165-170. DOI: 10.1007/s11299-020-00252-2.
[32]. Zhu, W., Wang, J., Qin, B. (2021). “Quantity or quality? Exploring the association between public open space and mental health in urban China”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 213, pp: 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104128. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 359 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 297 |
||