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ارزیابی تاثیر مهاجرت بر معیشت پایدار خانوارهای مهاجر در نواحی روستایی استان گلستان | ||
| تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 2، تیر 1402، صفحه 365-381 اصل مقاله (1.25 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijaedr.2022.312494.668965 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| الهه سامانی؛ غلامحسین عبدالله زاده* ؛ محمدشریف شریف‌زاده؛ محمد رضا محبوبی | ||
| گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهبود معیشت مردم محلی در دو دهه اخیر مورد توجه فزایندهای قرار گرفته است و یکی از اهداف اصلی دولتهای ملی است. هدف این تحقیق ارزیابی تأثیر مهاجرت بر معیشت پایدار خانوارهای مهاجر سیستانی ساکن در روستاهای استان گلستان است. روش تحقیق توصیفی مبتنی بر پیمایش پرسشنامه‌ای است. جامعه آماری شامل 25000 نفر از سرپرستان خانوار مهاجر از استان سیستان و بلوچستان به استان گلستان است. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 250 نفر به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. به روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چند مرحلهای نمونهها از 12 شهرستان استان گلستان انتخاب شدند. روایی پرسشنامه‌های تحقیق بر مبنای دیدگاه متخصصان و پایایی بر مبنای محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. نتایج آزمون t تک نمونه‌ای نشان داد که سرمایه‌های طبیعی و مالی و کل سرمایه‌ها کمتر از حد متوسط (نامناسب) است. نتایج بررسی راهبردهای معیشت نشان داد که مواردی مانند کسب درآمد از فعالیت‌های زراعت، دامداری، باغداری، جمع‌آوری منابع و گیاهان جنگلی و کارگری از جمله مهم‌ترین راهبردهای معیشتی هستند. نتایج ارزیابی روندهای آسیب‌پذیری نشان داد که مواردی از قبیل انسجام و همبستگی خانواده‌ها، فرصت‌های کاری درآمدزا، تعداد دام و طیور، سطح درآمد و قدرت خرید خانوار اهمیت بیش‌تری در زمینه کاهش آسیب‌پذیری داشته‌اند. در حالی‌که مواردی مانند تورم و گرانی، آلودگی آب‌و هوا اهمیت بیش‌تری در زمینه افزایش آسیب‌پذیری داشته‌اند. نتایج ارزیابی پیامدهای مهاجرت نشان داد که پیامدهای اقتصادی، طبیعی، فرهنگی- اجتماعی و خدماتی- رفاهی مهاجرت بیش‌تر از حد متوسط است. این نتایج بیانگر این است که مهاجرت منجر به تغییر و بهبود در زندگی خانوارها شده است و اثرات مثبت مورد انتظار مانند بهبود رفاه و دسترسی به خدمات و اشتغال حاصل شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| راهبردهای معیشتی؛ سرمایه‌های معیشتی؛ پیامدهای معیشتی؛ آسیب‌پذیری معیشتی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessing the Effects of Migrations on Immigrant Households’ Sustainable Livelihood in Rural Areas of Golestan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Elaheh Samani؛ Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh؛ Mohammad Sharif Sharifzadeh؛ Mohammad Mahboobi | ||
| Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Improving the livelihoods of local people has received growing attention during last two decades and is one of the main goals of national government. This research aimed to investigate the effect of migration on the sustainable livelihood of Sistanian immigrant households in the rural area of Golestan province. The research method is a descriptive survey based on a questionnaire. The target population includes 25,000 heads of migrant households from Sistan and Baluchestan province to Golestan province. Using Cochran's formula, 250 persons were selected as the research sample. Samples were selected from 12 counties of Golestan province by multi-stage cluster sampling. Validity of the questionnaire was verified based on expert's view and reliability was confirmed based on the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of the one sample t-test showed that the natural and financial capital were less than average (inappropriate). The results of investigating livelihood strategies showed that, the most important livelihood strategies are farming, livestock, horticulture, stockpiling forestry resources and being worker. The results of assessing vulnerability trends showed that items such coherence and solidarity of households, income-earning job opportunities, numbers of livestock and poultry, income level and household purchasing power were more important in reducing vulnerability. While items such as inflation and high pollution of air and water were more important in increasing vulnerability. The results of assessing the immigration impacts showed that the economic, natural, cultural-social and service-welfare impacts of immigration were more than average. These results indicate that immigration has led to changes and improvements in the households' life, and expected positive effects such as improved welfare and access to services and employment have been achieved. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Livelihood strategies, livelihood assets, livelihood impacts, livelihood vulnerability | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 274 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 187 |
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