1بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران
2استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام ایران.
3گروه علوم دامی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران
چکیده
هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر تغذیه پودر برگ زیتون در دورههای مختلف پرورش، بر ایمنی، جمعیت باکتریایی روده و پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی خون جوجههای گوشتی آرین بود. تعداد 336 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر (سویه آرین 386) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با شش تیمار بهمدت 42 روز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره شاهد (بدون برگ زیتون) و به سایر گروهها جیره حاوی یک درصد برگ زیتون تغذیه شد؛ از یک تا 14 روز، یک تا 21 روز، یک تا 28 روز، یک تا 35 روز و یک تا 42 روز. افزایش وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک در همه گروهها مشابه بود، اما نرخ تلفات در تیمار یک تا 42 روزگی کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود (01/0>P). میزان لیپوپروتئینهای با چگالی پایین در تیمارهای یک تا 35 روزگی و یک تا 42 روزگی کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0>P). فعالیت آلانینآمینوترانسفراز در تیمارهای شاهد بالاتر و در تیمار یک تا 42 روزگی کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0>P). جمعیت بالاتر لاکتوباسیلوس برای تیمارهای یک تا 28 روزگی، یک تا 35 روزگی و یک تا 42 روزگی در ژژنوم (01/0>P) و تیمارهای یک تا 21 روزگی، یک تا 28 روزگی، یک تا 35 روزگی و یک تا 42 روزگی در ایلئوم، در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها مشاهده شد (05/0>P). نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که تغذیه 10 گرم بر کیلوگرم برگ خشک زیتون طی 42 روز دوره پرورش جوجههای گوشتی، بدون تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد و ایمنی، منجر به کاهش تلفات میشود.
The effect of olive leaf feeding on the immune response, blood parameters and intestine microbial population of Arian broiler chickens in different periods of breeding
1Associate Professor, Animal Science Research Department, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education
Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ilam, Iran
2Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science Research, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Ilam, Iran
3, Department of animal science, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf powder feeding in different breeding periods on immunity, intestinal bacterial population and blood biochemical parameters of Arian broiler chickens. A total of 336 one-day-old male broiler (Arian strain 386) were studied in a completely randomized design with six treatments for 42 days. The experimental treatments included: control diet (without olive leaves) and the other groups were fed a diet containing 1% olive leaves: from one to14 days, one to 21 days, one to 28 days, one to 35 days and one to days. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were similar in all groups, but the mortality rate in one to 42 days treatment was lower than other treatments (P <0.01). The amount of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in one to 35 days and one to 42 days treatments was lower than other treatments (P <0.05). The alanine aminotransferase activity in the control treatment was higher and in the one to42 days treatment was lower than other treatments (P <0.05). Higher population of Lactobacillus were observed for treatments of one to 28 days, one to 35 days and one to 42 days in jejunum (P <0.01) and one to 21 days, one to 28 days, one to 35 days and one to 42 days in ileum. (P <0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding 10 gr/kg of dry olive leaves during the 42 days of the breeding period of broilers led to a reduction in mortality without any negative effect on performance and immunity.
کلیدواژهها [English]
Antibody titers, Arian broiler, Lactobacillus, Olive leaf, Performance
مراجع
1. Agah MJ, Nassiri-Moghadam H, Golian A, Raji AR, Farhosh R and Zarban A (2014) Effect of dietary Olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) extracts and sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) oil on intestinal morphology and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. Iranian Veterinary Journal 11(2): 33-43. (In Persian) 2. Amouoghli-Tabrizi B and Mohajeri D (2010) Protective effect of edible turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) powder on earlyhepatic injury in diabetic rats. Feyz, Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences 14(3): 190- 199. (In Persian) 3. AOAC (1990) Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA. 4. Barreto MSR, Menten JFM, Racanicci AMC, Pereira PWZ and Rizzo P (2008) Plant extracts used as growth promoters in broilers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 10: 109-115. 5. Caturla N, Perez-Fons L, Estepa A and Micol V (2005) Differential effects of oleuropein, a biophenol from Olea europaea, on anionic and zwiterionic phospholipid model membranes. Chemistry and Physics of lipids 137: 2-17. 6. Domenico T, Francesco C, Maria-Grazia S, Vincenza V, Mariateresa C and Claudia D (2005) Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49: 2474- 2478. 7. Erener G, Ocak N, Ozturk E, Cankaya S and Ozkanca R (2020) Evaluation of olive leaf extract as a growth promoter on the performance, blood biochemical parameters, and caecal microflora of broiler chickens. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 49: 1-11. 8. Haddadin MSY (2010) Effect of olive leaf extracts on the growth and metabolism of two probiotic bacteria of intestinal origin. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9(8): 787-793. 9. Heckert RA, Estevez I, Russek-Cohen E and Pettit-Riley R (2002) Effects of density and perch availability on the immune status of broilers. Poultry Science 81: 451-457. 10. Huang PL and Huang SL (2010) Oleuropein and related compounds reduce atherosclerosis. The Open Conference Proceedings Journal 1: 81-86. 11. Jabalbarezi-Hukerdi Y, Fathi MH, Rashidi L and Ganjkhanlou M (2018) The study of physicochemical properties and nutrient composition of mari olive leaf cultivated in iran. nutrition and food science research 5:39-46.12. Lee KW, Everts H and Beynen AC (2004) Essential oils in broiler nutrition. Poultry Science 3: 738-752. 13. Lockyer S, Rowland I, Spencer JPE, Yaqoob P and Stonehouse W (2017) Impact of phenolic-rich olive leaf extract on blood pressure, plasma lipids and inflammatory markers: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition 56(4): 1421-1432. 14. Monavari Khiyavi S (2017) Effect of Olive Leaf Powder on Production Traits and Immune System of Broilers. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Master’s Dissertation. (In Persian). 15. Otero DM, Oliveira FM, Lorini A, Antunes BF and Oliveira RM (2020) Oleuropein: Methods for extraction, purifying and applying. Short communication. Revista Ceres 67 (4). 16. Parvardeh S, Niapoor M and Hosseinzadeh H (2002) Hepatoprotective activity of Pistacia Vera L. gum extract in rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants 4(4): 27-34. (In Persian) 17. Peterson AL, Qureshi MA, Ferket PR and Fuller JC (1999) Enhancement of cellular and humoral immunity in young broilers by the dietary supplementation of β-hydroxy- βmethylbutyrate. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 21(2): 307-330. 18. Qureshi MA and Havenstein GB (1994) A comparison of the immune performance of a 1991 commercial broiler with a 1957 random bred strain when fed typical 1957 and 1991 broiler diets. Poultry Science 73: 1805-1812. 19. Sabetan-Shiraze AA, Hassanabadi A, Agah MJ and Nasiri-Moghaddam H (2016) Eeffect of dietary inclusion of olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) powder on performance, small intestine morphology and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Production 19(2): 371-387. (In Persian) 20. Schalm OW, Jain NC and Carroll EJ (1975) Veterinary haematology. 3th Ed. Lea and Freiberg pablication, Philadelphia. 21. Shafey TM, Almufarij SI and Albatshan HA (2013) Effect of feeding olive leaves on the performance, intestinal and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 15: 585-589. 22. Sung JH, Choi SJ, Lee SW, Park KH and Moon TW (2004) Isoflavones found in Korean soybean paste as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme: A reductase inhibitors. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 68: 1051-1058. 23. Talhaoui N, Taamalli A, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Fernández-Gutiérrez A and SeguraCarretero A (2015) Phenolic compounds in olive leaves: Analytical determination, biotic and abiotic influence, and health benefits. Food Research International 77: 92-108. 24. Varmaghany S, Bastami F and Akbari Gharaei M (2017) The effect of different periods the use of olive leaf in diet on growth performance, hematology and ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Production 19(1): 175-187. (In Persian) 25. Varmaghany S, Rahimi S, Karimi-Torshizi MA, Lotfollahian H and Hassanzadeh M (2013) Effect of olive leaves on ascites incidence, hematological parameters and growth performance in broilers reared under normal and cold temperature conditions. Animal Feed Science and Technology 185: 60-69.