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بررسى اسناد بین المللى و منطقه اى دربارة پیشگیری از آلودگی های نفتی دریایی و جبران خسارت های ناشی از آن | ||
مطالعات حقوق انرژی | ||
مقاله 8، دوره 7، شماره 2، اسفند 1400، صفحه 355-373 اصل مقاله (310.84 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrels.2022.336419.478 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
یوسف على1؛ سید فضل اله موسوى* 2؛ احمد امیرى3 | ||
1دکترى حقوق نفت و گاز دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
2استاد حقوق گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران | ||
3دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز | ||
چکیده | ||
هرچند نتایج بررسى هاى انجام شده دربارة میزان آلودگی های نفتی حکایت از این دارد که روند آلودگی های نفتی کاهشی است، اما همچنان خسارت هاى ناشی از آلودگی نفتی در محیط زیست ادامه دارد. پیشبینى استثناهاى مربوط به عدم شمول اسناد بین المللى و منطقه اى بر آب هاى داخلى و استثناهاى مربوط به عدم اعمال بخشى از مواد کنوانسیون ها بر کشتى ها و هواپیماهایى که داراى مصونیت حاکمیتى هستند و اجازة تخلیة مقادیر مشخصى از مواد نفتى کشتى ها در بیشتر اسناد بین المللى و منطقه اى، کلى و غیرفنى بودن الزامات کشورهاى متعاهد در پارهای از این اسناد، نبود ضمانت هاى اجرایى مؤثر در اغلب اسناد بین المللى و منطقه اى و موکول شدن مسئلة تعیین ضمانت هاى اجرایى به کشورهاى عضو، عدم پیشبینى قواعد مسئولیت و جبران خسارت ناشى از آلودگى در بعضى از اسناد بین المللى و منطقه اى و پیشبینى نکردن مسئلة تأسیس سازمان هاى تخصصى برای نظارت بر پایبندى طرف هاى این اسناد به تعهدات آنها و بعضى از مسائل لجستیکى مانند کمبود امکانات بنادر در زمینة تخلیة مواد زائد کشتى ها، مهمترین دلایل ادامة آلودگى دریایى به وسیلة نفت هستند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آب هاى داخلى کشورها؛ اسناد بین المللى و منطقه اى؛ خسارت دریایى ناشى از آلودگى نفتى؛ جبران خسارت؛ مسئولیت بین المللى. | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
A Review of International and Regional Documents in Connection with Prevention of Marine Oil Pollution and Damage Compensation | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Youssef Ali1؛ Seyed Fazlullah Mousavi2؛ Ahmad Amiri3 | ||
1PhD of Oil and Gas Law, School of Law and Political Sciences of The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
2Professor, Department of Public Law, School of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran | ||
3PhD of Private Law, School of Law and Political Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Although a lot of credible studies show that the trend of oil pollution of the marine environment is going down, unfortunately, the said pollution still continues. The most important reasons for the continuation of marine pollution by oil are the following: the exceptions concerning the internal waters of states and concerning the ships and aircraft that have sovereign immunity, discharge of specified quantities of oil and garbage by most international and regional documents, a lot of international and regional documents having only general and non-technical obligations and lack of effective guarantees that ensure the respect of the rules of the international and regional documents by the member states. Lack of liability and compensation rules in some of the international and regional documents, non-existence of observing organizations to monitor the consistency of the states’ behaviors with the conventions, in addition to the logistical problems like lack of port facilities in connection with discharging ship’s wastes are other reasons why the maritime pollution by oil is still unresolved. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Marine Damage Due to Oil Pollution, International Responsibility, Damages Compensation, Internal Waters of States, International and Regional Documents. | ||
مراجع | ||
منابع
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