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اثر تراکم پرورش جوجه‌های گوشتی بر عملکرد و وضعیت سلامت آن‌ها | ||
| علمی- ترویجی (حرفه‌ای) دامِستیک | ||
| دوره 22، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 22، خرداد 1401، صفحه 22-32 اصل مقاله (1.42 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی- ترویجی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/domesticsj.2022.338494.1090 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید مهدی اسماعیلی فرد* 1؛ محسن قلی زاده2؛ فرزاد غفوری3 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته دکتری تخصصی ژنتیک و اصلاح دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، مازنداران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، مازندران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی ژنتیک و اصلاح نژاد دام و طیور، گروه مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، البرز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور دستیابی به حداکثر پتانسیل ژنتیکی جوجه‌های گوشتی، لازم است تا شرایط محیطی مطلوب آن‌ها به طور کامل فراهم گردد. هر گونه کوتاهی در فراهم کردن شرایط مطلوب می‌تواند منجر به کاهش عملکرد شود. تراکم نگهداری در صنعت طیور از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است؛ زیرا هر چه تعداد پرنده در واحد سطح افزایش یابد، متعاقباً سودآوری واحد پرورشی نیز بیشتر خواهد شد. در ابتدا، تراکم‌هایی که در واحدهای تجاری پرورش مرغ گوشتی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گرفتند عمدتاً بر اساس معادلۀ سادۀ هزینه- درآمد تعیین می‌شدند؛ این در حالی است که استفاده از تراکم‌های بیش از حد، نه تنها موجب افزایش سودآوری نشده، بلکه کاهش عملکرد و سلامتی پرنده و در نهایت افزایش هزینه‌ها نیز را به دنبال دارد. تراکم‌های پیشنهاد شده توسط تولیدکنندگان سویه‌های مختلف مرغ گوشتی بسیار متغیر بوده و ضروری است راهبردها و راهکار‌ها با تکیه بر یافته‌های علمی تدوین شوند. تحقیقات منتشر شده، در توافق با یکدیگر، نشان دادند که عملکرد و سلامت جوجه‌های گوشتی در صورتی که فضای لازم برای هر پرنده به زیر 07/0-0625/0 متر مربع برسد (محدودة 34-38 کیلوگرم محصول بر متر مربع، معادل 15-14 پرنده در هر متر مربع با وزن نهایی 5/2 کیلوگرم)، به خطر افتاده و نتایج منفی آن شامل کاهش وزن نهایی، کاهش مصرف خوراک و در شرایط نامناسب‌تر، آسیب‌هایی مانند شیوع ورم بالِشتَکِ پا، خارش، کبودی، پَردرآوری ضعیف، دیسکوندروپلازی درشت نی، تنش‌های فیزیولوژیک و در نهایت مرگ و میر می‌باشد. در نتیجه، تراکم‌های بالا و محدودکننده بدون کنترل کافی بر روی عوامل محیطی منجر به آسیب جدی به عملکرد، سلامت و رفاه پرنده می‌گردد. در این مطالعه علمی- ترویجی تلاش شده است تا اثر تراکم نگهداری بر جنبه‌های مختلف عملکرد رشد و سلامت جوجه‌های گوشتی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تراکم نگهداری؛ جوجه گوشتی؛ سلامتی و رفاه؛ عملکرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of stocking density on broiler performance and health status | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Mehdi Esmaeili-Fard1؛ Mohsen Gholizadeh2؛ Farzad Ghafouri3 | ||
| 1Ph.D., Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 2Associated Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran | ||
| 3Ph.D. Student of Animal and Poultry Breeding & Genetics, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To maximize the genetic growth potential of broiler chickens, optimal environmental conditions should be provided. In this regard, any failure to provide optimal conditions may negatively affect birds' performance. Stocking density has critical implications in the broiler industry since higher returns can be obtained as the number of birds per unit of space increases. Previously, stocking densities were determined by a simple cost-benefit analysis in commercial broiler farms; however, it has been proved that excessive densities did not only result in lower economic profits, but also reduced bird performance, health, and welfare. Currently recommended densities by producers are rather variable, and therefore, it is necessary to establish management guidelines based on practical and scientific outcomes. Recent studies, in agreement, indicated that the broiler chickens’ performance, health, and welfare are compromised when the stocking density alleviates to less than 0.0625 to 0.07 m2/bird (equivalent to about 34 to 38 kg/m2 ~14-15 birds/m2 for 2.5 kg final body weight). In this context, negative consequences include a reduction in both feed intake and final body weight, and in severe cases, foot-pad dermatitis, scratches, bruising, poor feathering, tibial dyschondroplasia, physiological stress, and mortality have been well documented. In conclusion, it can be stated that a high and limited stocking density without sufficient control over environmental factors may lead to serious damage to the growth performance, health, and welfare status of the broiler chickens. In this review study, attempts have been made to establish the effect of various stocking densities in broiler farms on their growth performance, feed and water intake, carcass quality, leg weakness, litter microbial load, physiological stress, and immune status. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Broilers, Health, Performance, Stocking density | ||
| مراجع | ||
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