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ازتوباکتر بهعنوان یک کود زیستی محرک رشد گیاه برنج (Oryza sativa L.) | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 53، شماره 3، خرداد 1401، صفحه 633-661 اصل مقاله (1.49 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.337184.669182 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حسینعلی علیخانی* 1؛ شایان شریعتی1؛ حسن اعتصامی1؛ علیرضا فلاح نصرتآباد2 | ||
1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. | ||
2موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
چکیده | ||
امروزه مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در جهت افزایش میزان تولید در واحد سطح محصولات کشاورزی مشکلات زیستمحیطی بسیاری ایجاد کرده است. علاوه بر این، تنشهای محیطی از مهمترین عوامل کاهشدهنده عملکرد و تولید گیاهان زراعی به شمار میرود. با توجه به اهمیت گیاه برنج در تامین امنیت غذایی در سطح ملی و جهانی و افزایش قیمت کودهای شیمیایی، یافتن مسیرهای دوستدار محیطزیست و در راستای کشاورزی پایدار امری ضروری است. استفاده از کودهای زیستی شایستهترین راه در جهت کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و بهبود مقاومت گیاه در مزارع برنج است. ازتوباکترها بیش از یک قرن است که به عنوان کود زیستی استفاده میشوند و به خوبی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی و مزرعهای مطالعه شده است. ازتوباکترها همچنین به عنوان باکتریهای تثبیت کننده نیتروژن در ریزوسفر و ریشههای ( بصورت اندوفیت) گیاه برنج گزارش شدند. در این مطالعه، تاثیر کود زیستی ازتوباکتر بهعنوان یک باکتری محرک رشد گیاه بر روی گیاه برنج و مولفههای عامل این اثر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافتهها نشان داد این باکتری علاوه بر تثبیت نیتروژن، با انحلال فسفاتهای نامحلول، تولید هورمونهای گیاهی مثل ایندول استیک اسید، هیدروژن سیانید، و سیدروفور موجب افزایش شاخصهای رشد گیاه، جذب عناصر غذایی و عملکرد دانه گیاه برنج میگردد. همچنین استفاده از زادمایه ازتوباکتر در شالیزارها منجر به افزایش مقاومت گیاه برنج به تنشهای زیستی و غیر زیستی میشود. با توجه به تاثیر مثبت استفاده از زادمایه باکتری ازتوباکتر بهعنوان یک کود زیستی بر رشد گیاه برنج و تاثیر این باکتری بر کاهش میزان مصرف کودهای نیتروژنه و بهبود مقاومت گیاه برنج به تنشهای زیستی و غیر زیستی، تهیه کودهای زیستی حاوی باکتریهای ازتوباکتر بومی و کاربرد آن در مزارع برنج توصیه میشود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
ازتوباکتر؛ باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاه؛ برنج؛ تنش های زیستی و غیر زیستی؛ کود زیستی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Azotobacter as a Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) Growth Promoting Biofertilizer | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Hossein Ali Alikhani1؛ Shayan Shariati1؛ Hassan Etesami1؛ Alireza Fallah Nosrat Abad2 | ||
1Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
2Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Reaserch, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Today, the use of chemical fertilizers to increase agricultural production has created many environmental problems. In addition, environmental stresses are one of the most important factors reducing crop yield and production. Given the importance of rice plants in ensuring food security nationally and globally and increasing the price of chemical fertilizers, it is necessary to find eco-friendly routes for sustainable agriculture. The use of biofertilizers is the most worthy way to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve plant resistance in rice fields. Azotobacter has been used as a biofertilizer for over a century and has been well studied on a laboratory and field scale. Azotobacter have also been reported as nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere and roots (endophytically) of rice. In this study, the effect of Azotobacter biofertilizer as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, on rice and the mechanisms of this effect were investigated. The results showed that this bacterium produces phytohormones and stimulants of plant growth and fix atmospheric nitrogen in the rhizosphere and as an endophyte in rice. In addition to nitrogen fixation, this bacterium increases plant growth indices, nutrient uptake, and grain yield of rice by dissolving insoluble phosphates, producing indole acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, siderophore. Also, the use of Azotobacter inoculant in acute salinity conditions increased the concentration of proline, malondialdehyde, ACC-deaminase enzyme, and some hormones in the plant, which increased the resistance of rice to this stress. Considering the positive effect of using Azotobacter inoculant as a biofertilizer on rice plants and the effect of this bacterium on reducing the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers, preparation of biofertilizers containing native bacteria of Azotobacter and their application in rice fields is recommended. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Azotobacter, Biofertilizer, Biotic and abiotic stress, Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria, Rice | ||
مراجع | ||
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