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بررسی اثر اجرای عملیات آبخیزداری بر رواناب و فرسایش خاک (مطالعه موردی: حوضه نخاب بشرویه) | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 75، شماره 2، شهریور 1401، صفحه 299-317 اصل مقاله (1.51 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2022.335726.1632 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعیدرضا مؤذنی نقندر* 1؛ فائزه علیخانی2؛ ابوذر حاتمی یزد3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت و کنترل بیابان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، شرکت مهندسین مشاور گزین سازه توس، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهره‌برداری غیر اصولی از منابع آب و خاک، ضمن تشدید وقوع سیلاب‌ها و افزایش نرخ تولید رسوب، موجبات کاهش تولید و تلفات سرمایه‌های ملی کشور را فراهم نموده است. با توجه به تخریب حوضه نخاب در سال‌های گذشته عملیات آبخیزداری در این حوضه اجرا شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی نقش اقدامات اجرایی در مدیریت رواناب و فرسایش و رسوب است. به این منظور برای تعیین میزان کاهش دبی اوج سیلاب، از مدل HEC-HMS و برای تعیین میزان تغییرات فرسایش و رسوب حوضه از مدل MPSIAC در دو حالت قبل و بعد از اجرای عملیات استفاده شد. با توجه به نتایج، اجرای عملیات آبخیزداری باعث افزایش زمان به اوج رسیدن سیلاب به میزان 60 و 30 دقیقه و همچنین کاهش 54 و 28 درصدی دبی پیک به ترتیب برای دوره بازگشت 2 و 100 ساله شد. علاوه بر این در صورتی که مخزن سازه‌ها از رسوبات پر شوند همچنان تأثیر به‌سزایی در افزایش زمان رسیدن به اوج و کاهش دبی اوج و حجم سیلاب دارند. نتایج ارزیابی فرسایش و رسوب نشان می‌دهد که در اثر اجرای عملیات آبخیزداری فرسایش ویژه از 18/10 به 8/9 تن در هکتار در سال و رسوب‌دهی ویژه حوضه نیز از 16/3 به 9/2 تن در هکتار در سال کاهش پیدا کرده است. از آنجایی که حوزه آبخیز سیستمی پیچیده است بنابراین، پیشنهاد می‌شود که به‌منظور دستیابی به توسعه پایدار، مدیریت جامع کلیه منابع و نیز رویکرد سیاست‌گذاری در حوضه به‌عنوان ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر در نظر گرفته شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اثربخشی؛ حفاظت آب و خاک؛ مهار سیلاب؛ فرسایش و رسوب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of the effect of watershed management operations on runoff and soil erosion (Case study: Nakhab Boshrouyeh basin) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saeedreza Moazeni-Noghondar1؛ Faeze Alikhani2؛ Abuzar Hatami Yazd3 | ||
| 1PhD Student in Watershed Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Master student of Desert Management and Control, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3PhD in Irrigation and Drainage, Gozin Sazeh Toos Consulting Engineers Co., Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Unprincipled exploitation of water and soil resources, while increasing the likelihood of floods and increasing the rate of sedimentation, has reduced agricultural products and losses of national capital. Due to the destruction of Nakhab watershed in recent years, watershed management operations have been carried out in this watershed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of operations in runoff and soil erosion control. For this purpose, HEC-HMS model was used to determine the rate of reduction of flood peak discharge and MPSIAC model was used to determine the rate of erosion and sediment change in both cases before and after the operation. According to the results, the implementation of operations increased the flood peak time by 60 and 30 minutes and also reduced the peak discharge by 54% and 28% for the return period of 2 and 100 years, respectively. In addition, if the reservoir of structures is filled with sediments, they still have a significant effect on increasing the peak discharge time and reducing the volume and peak discharge of flood. The results of erosion and sedimentation show that due to the implementation of operations, special erosion has decreased from 10.18 to 9.8 tons per hectare per year and special sedimentation of the watershed from 3.16 to 2.9 tons per hectare per year. Since the watershed is a complex system, it is suggested that in order to achieve sustainable development, integrated management of all resources and the policy approach should be considered as an unavoidable necessity. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Effectiveness, Water and soil protection, runoff management, erosion and sediment control | ||
| مراجع | ||
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