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Arab Asadi, S., Amani Vamerzani, E. (2023). The Administrative Approach to International Liability ‎Resulting from Genetically Modified Organisms. , 53(1), 425-445. doi: 10.22059/jplsq.2021.313197.2623
Shima Arab Asadi; Elaheh Amani Vamerzani. "The Administrative Approach to International Liability ‎Resulting from Genetically Modified Organisms". , 53, 1, 2023, 425-445. doi: 10.22059/jplsq.2021.313197.2623
Arab Asadi, S., Amani Vamerzani, E. (2023). 'The Administrative Approach to International Liability ‎Resulting from Genetically Modified Organisms', , 53(1), pp. 425-445. doi: 10.22059/jplsq.2021.313197.2623
Arab Asadi, S., Amani Vamerzani, E. The Administrative Approach to International Liability ‎Resulting from Genetically Modified Organisms. , 2023; 53(1): 425-445. doi: 10.22059/jplsq.2021.313197.2623

The Administrative Approach to International Liability ‎Resulting from Genetically Modified Organisms

فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران
Volume 53, Issue 1, April 2023, Pages 425-445    PDF (633.42 K)
Document Type: Article
DOI: 10.22059/jplsq.2021.313197.2623
Authors
Shima Arab Asadi* 1; Elaheh Amani Vamerzani2
1Assistant Prof., Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2MA. Student in Environmental Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Abstract
The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted in 2010 to establish international rules and regulations on liability and redress for damages to biosafety resulting from the transboundary displacement of genetically modified organisms in order to protect sustainable use of biodiversity. Based on strict liability, the protocol holds the operators responsible for their activities, merely by establishing a causal link between the damages incurred and the genetically modified organisms without the need to prove any fault. The protocol also provides two general approaches to prevent and redress any harm to biodiversity: the administrative and the civil liability approaches. This article's main question is how to define the administrative approach and its differences with the civil liability approach? The research hypothesis, which has been proven by a descriptive-analytical method, indicates that these two approaches are not inherently different as regards the necessity to allocate and redress loss. However, with an administrative approach, there is no longer a need for lengthy trials, as it provides a more efficient system for biodiversity protection. The international liability system for genetically modified organisms provides a standard set of legal provisions that helps the Biological Diversity Convention's member states to safely produce, distribute, and transport genetically modified organisms by adopting a strict liability basis and an administrative approach for redress.
Keywords
administrative approach; ‎biodiversity; Nagoya_Kuala ‎Lumpur Protocol; redress; ‎strict liability.‎
References
English

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  1. B) Articles
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  1. C) Documents
  2. Bekendtgørelse af lov om miljø og genteknologi, 1. februar 2017. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/den100587.pdf
  3. Cartagena protocol on Biosafety, Nagoya, Japan, 29 January 2000.
  4. Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Resulting from Activities Dangerous to the Environment, Lugano, 21 June 1993.
  5. International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, Brussels, 29 November 1969.
  6. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, 1989.
  7. The Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio De Janeiro, 5 June 1992.
  8. The Nagoya_Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Nagoya, Japan, October 2010.
  9. United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio De Janerio, 3 to 14 June 1992.
  10. Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, 29 May 1963.
  11. ЗАКОН за генетично модифицирани организми, в сила от 18.07.2017 г. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/bul52940.pdf
 

References in Persian:

  1. A) Books
  2. Jafari Langroudi, Mohammadjafar (1999), Terminology of Law, Tehran: Ganjedanesh Publication (In Persian).
  3. Mirmohamadi, Masoumeh Sadat; Mousavi, Seyyed Fazlollah (2018), The light of international law on genetically modified organisms (GMOs), Tehran: Khorsandi Publication (In Persian).
 

  1. B) Articles
  2. Abdollahi, Mohsen (2011), “Approaches of International Liability System for Acts Not Prohibited in International Law” Legal Research Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 56, pp.211-278 (In Persian).
  3. Badini, Hasan (2005), “The purpose of civil liability”, Law and Political Science, Vol.66, pp.55-113 (In Persian).
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  9. Mohajer, Mina; Safai, Hossein & Mahdavi Damghani, Abdolmajid (2011), “Ethical and Legal Consideration for Application for Transgenic Products: a Critical review of National Iranian Biosafety Law”, Ethics in Science and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp.35-42 (In Persian).
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