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بررسی اثرات فرایندهای پیرولیز آهسته و کربونیزاسیون هیدروترمال بر خصوصیات تثبیت‌کنندگی میوه سرو به‌منظور غیر متحرک سازی نیکل در یک خاک آهکی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 53، شماره 6، شهریور 1401، صفحه 1227-1241 اصل مقاله (1.73 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.341837.669247 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محبوب صفاری* ؛ معصومه معاذالهی | ||
| پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در مطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثرات کاربرد بیوچار (تولید شده از فرایند پیرولیز آهسته) و هیدروچار (تولید شده از فرایند کربونیزاسیون هیدروترمال) میوه سرو بر تثبیت نیکل در یک خاک آلوده به این عنصر پرداخته شد. بدین منظور، میوه سرو خام و بیوچار و هیدروچار حاصل از آن به‌صورت جداگانه در سطوح 5/1 و 3% (وزنی/وزنی) به یک خاک آهکی آلوده به نیکل (350 میلی‌گرم/ کیلوگرم) اضافه و پس از خوابانیدن 3 ماهه، تحت شرایط رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی، سینتیک واجذبی و شکل‌های شیمیایی نیکل در آزمایشگاه گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان (سال 1399)، اندازه‌گیری و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، هیدروچار دارای سطح ویژه بالاتر، گروه‌های عامل حاوی اکسیژن فعال بیشتر و مورفولوژی خلل و فرج نامنظم‌تری در مقایسه با بیوچار بود. بررسی مقادیر نیکل واجذب شده نهایی در خاک‌های تیمار شده نشان از کاهش 27-37 % و 11-5/16% نیکل واجذب شده، به ترتیب در نمونه‌های هیدروچار و بیوچار میوه سرو خام در مقایسه با نمونه شاهد داشت. برازش مدل دو مرحله‌ای مرتبه اول بر داده‌های واجذبی نیکل در همه نمونه‌های تیمار شده، حاکی از دقت بالای این مدل (ضریب تبیین > 99%)، در پیش بینی مقادیر واجذبی نیکل داشت. ارزیابی فاکتور تحرک نیکل بدست آمده از مقادیر شکل‌های شیمیایی نشان از کاهش فاکتور تحرک در نمونه خاک‌های تیمار شده با هیدروچار (2/29- 2/30 %) و بیوچار (9/31- 3/33 %) در مقایسه با نمونه خاک شاهد (8/38 %) داشت. به طور کلی، وجود گروه‌های عامل حاوی اکسیژن فعال و سطح ویژه بیشتر هیدروچار در مقایسه با بیوچار، سبب تثبیت بیشتر از نیکل در خاک در مقایسه با بیوچار شده است که با توجه به هزینه تولید کمتر و کاهش تولیدگازهای گلخانه‌ای مخرب در تولید هیدروچار، نسبت به بیوچار، لزوم توجه بیشتر به کاربرد هیدروچار و هیدروچارهای مهندسی شده در مطالعات آتی تثبیت عناصر سنگین در محیط خاک را طلب می‌کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیوچار؛ هیدروچار؛ سینتیک واجذبی؛ شکل شیمیایی؛ عنصر سنگین | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization processes effects on the stabilizing properties of cypress cones in order to stabilize nickel in a calcareous soil | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahboub Saffari؛ Masomeh Moazallahi | ||
| Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, GraduateUniversity of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In the present study, the effects of biochar (produced by slow pyrolysis process) and hydrochar (produced by hydrothermal carbonization process) of cypress cones application on nickel (Ni) stabilization in a soil spiked with this element were investigated. For this purpose, the raw cypress cone and its biochar and hydrochar are added separately at 1.5 and 3% (w/w) to a Ni-spiked calcareous soil (350 mg kg-1) and after 3 months of incubation process, under field capacity moisture condition, desorption kinetics and chemical forms of Ni, in the laboratory of environment department, graduate university of advanced technology, Kerman (2020), were measured and investigated. According to the results, hydrochar had higher specific surface area and functional groups containing reactive oxygen, as well as more irregular porosity morphology compared to biochar. The values of final desorbed Ni in the treated soils showed a decrease of 27-37% and 11-16.5% of desorbed Ni in the soil treated with hydrochar and biochar, respectively, compared to the control sample. The fitness of the two first-order reaction model on Ni desorption data in all treated samples showed the high accuracy of this model (coefficient of determination>99%) in predicting Ni desorption. Evaluation of Ni mobility factor obtained from the Ni chemical forms shows a decrease in this factor in samples of soils treated with hydrochar (29.2-30.2%) and biochar (31.9-33.3%) in comparison with control soil sample (38.8%). In general, the presence of functional groups containing reactive oxygen and higher specific surface area of hydrochar compared to biochar has resulted in more stabilization of Ni in the soil compared to treated soils with biochar. Due to lower production costs and reduced production of destructive greenhouse gases in hydrochar production compared to biochar, the need for more attention to hydrochar and engineered hydrochar application is required in future studies of heavy metals stabilization in the soil environment. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biochar, Chemical forms, Desorption kinetics, Heavy metals, Hydrochar | ||
| مراجع | ||
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