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ارزیابی راندمان کاربرد و نمایه-های بهره‌وری آب در سویا تابستانه (مطالعه موردی: پایین‌دست شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی مغان، استان اردبیل) | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 53، شماره 6، شهریور 1401، صفحه 1243-1257 اصل مقاله (1.71 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.340768.669235 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزین پرچمی عراقی* 1؛ فریبرز عباسی2؛ کرامت اخوان3 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در شرایط کنونی محدودیت منابع آب، بهبود بهره‌وری آب کشاورزی ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. بنابراین، در دست داشتن برآوردهایی معتبر از مقادیر فصلی آب آبیاری و بهره‌وری آب در شرایط فعلی مدیریت آبیاری و بهره‌برداری اعمال شده در مزارع حایز اهمیت است. در پژوهش حاضر، آب کاربردی فصلی و بهره‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب سویا در 29 مزرعه تحت مدیریت زارعین واقع در بخش پایین‌دست شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی مغان، استان اردبیل، در فصل زراعی 1400-1399 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نیاز آبی خالص سویا در مزارع مطالعاتی در فصل زراعی 1400-1399و میانگین 10 ساله آن به‌ترتیب، در دامنه 417 تا 719 و 457 تا 797 میلی‌متر برآورد شد (به‌ترتیب، با میانگین 539 و 581 میلی‌متر). مجموع بارش موثر و آب کاربردی فصلی (I + Pe) و عملکرد دانه سویا به‌ترتیب، بین 3859 تا 7105 مترمکعب بر هکتار و 30/1 تا 80/2 تن بر هکتار اندازه‌گیری شد (به‌ترتیب، با میانگین 5664 مترمکعب بر هکتار و 35/2 تن بر هکتار). محدودیت انعطاف‌پذیری در تحویل آب به مزارع موجب اعمال یک برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری غیرمنطبق با نیاز آبی گیاه گردید. برآیند اثر عوامل محدود کننده تولید سویا در منطقه مطالعاتی موجب شد حداکثر عملکرد مشاهداتی دانه سویا به‌طور قابل توجهی پایین‌تر از عملکرد پتانسیل سویا در دشت مغان (00/4 تن بر هکتار) باشد. عملکرد دانه سویا یک همبستگی درجه دوم با I + Pe را نشان داد. نمایه‌های بهره‌وری مجموع آب کاربردی و بارش موثر (WPI+Pe) و بهره‌وری اقتصادی آب آبیاری (WP$) در مزارع مطالعاتی به‌ترتیب، بین 33/0 تا 47/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و 18/21 تا 29/48 هزار ریال بر مترمکعب متغیر بود (به‌ترتیب، با میانگین 42/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و 89/39 هزار ریال بر مترمکعب). میانگین راندمان کاربرد اسرائیلسن (AE) در مزارع مطالعاتی برای مراحل ابتدایی، توسعه‌ای و میانی رشد گیاه به‌ترتیب، برابر با 19، 95 و 100 درصد به‌دست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تاریخ کشت؛ تنش‌خشکی؛ راندمان کاربرد؛ فائو پنمن-مانتیث؛ هیرم‌کاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of Soybean Applied Water and Water Productivity (a case study: Tail End Region of Moghan Irrigation and Drainage Network, Ardabil Province, Iran) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzin Parchami-Araghi1؛ Fariborz Abbasi2؛ Karamat Akhavan3 | ||
| 1Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardabil, Iran. | ||
| 2Agricultural Engineering Research Institue (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Due to limitation of available water resources, improving agricultural water productivity has become an inevitable necessity. Therefore, it is important to have reliable estimates of the seasonal applied water and water productivity under current irrigation and farm management. In this paper, the seasonal applied water and physical and economic water productivity of soybean were studied through monitoring 29 farms under actual conditions located at the tail end region of Moghan irrigation and drainage network, Ardabil Province, Iran, during the growing season 2020-2021. The net water requirement estimates of soybean during the growing season 2020-2021 and its 10-year average ranged from 417-719 mm and 457-797 mm with a mean of 539 and 581 mm, respectively, over the studied farms. The total applied water (irrigation + effective precipitation, I + Pe) and the grain yield ranged from 3859-7105 m3 ha-1 and 1.30-2.80 ton ha-1, with a mean of 5664 m3 ha-1 and 2.35 ton ha-1, respectively. The lack of flexibility in water allocations led irrigation schedule to be not adapted with the crop water requirement. The limiting factors of soybean production in the study area caused the observed maximum grain yield to be significantly lower than the potential level of soybean yield in Moghan plain (4.00 ton ha-1). The soybean grain yield exhibited a quadratic correlation with I + Pe. Total water productivity (WPI+Pe) and economic water productivity (WP$) ranged from 0.33 to 0.47 kg m-3 and 21.18 ´ 103 to 48.29 ´ 103 Rials m-3 with a mean of 0.42 kg m-3 and 39.89 ´ 103 Rials m-3, respectively. The mean Israelsen's application efficiency (AE) over initial, development, and mid-season plant growth stages in the study fields were obtained 19, 95, and 100%, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Application Efficiency, Drought Stress, FAO Penman-Monteith, Planting Date, Wet Planting | ||
| مراجع | ||
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