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مروری بر یک دهه تحقیقات انجام شده در گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه تهران در زمینه شیمی سیلیسیم در خاک و نقش آن در تغذیه گیاه | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 53، شماره 6، شهریور 1401، صفحه 1447-1466 اصل مقاله (2.03 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.331621.669089 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بابک متشرع زاده* 1؛ نسیم اعظم2 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در کشاورزی امروزی، سیلیسیم بهعنوان یک عنصر غذایی پرمصرف ضروری و ضد تنش برای تعدادی از گیاهان به خصوص گرامینهها و C4 در نظر گرفته شدهاست و استدلالی بر شبه ضروری بودن آن در ارتباط با رشد، توسعه و تولیدمثل در آنها وجود دارد. این پژوهش با هدف مرور یک دهه تحقیقات انجام شده در زمینهی شیمی و تغذیه ی گیاهی عنصر سیلیسیم در خاک و گیاه در گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه تهران تهیه شدهاست و برآن است تا ضمن مرور مهمترین دستاوردهای این پژوهشها در حوزه سیلیسیم کارایی ارقام ذرت، سویا، به تأثیر کاربرد سیلیسیم بر خصوصیات تغذیهای، فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی گیاهان مختلف اعم از گندم و ذرت و سورگوم و ... در شرایط تنش و نیز تأثیر کاربرد سیلیسیم در غیر متحرک ساختن فلزات سنگین بپردازد. نتایج کلی این مطالعه نشان میدهد سیلیسیم هم به صورت کودهای شیمیایی سیلیسیمی و نیز باکتریهای حلکننده سیلیسیم، موجب افزایش سیستم ریشهای گیاهان، تنظیم بیوسنتز هورمونهای گیاهی، تحریک تولید برخی آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانت، افزایش مقاومت به تنشهای شوری، خشکی و مقاومت به سمیت فلزات سنگین، افزایش رشد و عملکرد گیاه و افزایش قابلیت دسترسی گیاه به برخی عناصرغذایی نظیر فسفر و نیتروژن میگردد. در کنار این نتایج، فرکشن و جزء بندی سیلیسیم نیز در خاکهای مختلف مورد تحقیق و تحلیل قرار گرفتهاست. به نظر میرسد با تمرکز بر تحقیقات این عنصر با محوریت "خاک، گیاه و ریزوسفر" میتوان به کاربردیتر شدن نتایج آن در آینده کشاورزی کشور امیدوار بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سیلیسیم؛ تغذیه گیاه؛ فلزات سنگین؛ سیلیسیم‌کارایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A review of a decade research conducted in the Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran in the field of soil silicon chemistry and its role in plant nutrition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Babak Motesharezadeh1؛ Nasim Azam2 | ||
| 1Soil Science Department, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In modern agriculture, silicon (Si) is considered as an essential and anti-stress nutrient for a number of plants, especially grasses and C4. There are arguments confirming that it is a quasi-essential element in relation to plants growth, development and reproduction. The present study aims to review a decade research in the field of chemistry and plant nutrition of the Si in soil and plants in the Department of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Tehran. The objectives of this article is to present the most important achievements of researches in the field of Si efficiency of maize and soybean cultivars and to investigate the effect of Si application on nutritional, physiological and morphological characteristics of different plants including wheat, corn, sorghum, etc. under stress conditions and also to assess the effect of Si application on immobilization of heavy metals in the soil. General conclusions of this study show that Si supplied by both chemical fertilizers and silicon-soluble bacteria, increase plant growth and yield via increasing the root system of plants, regulating the biosynthesis of plant hormones, stimulating the production of some antioxidant enzymes, increasing resistance to salinity/ drought/heavy metal toxicity stresses and also increasing plant accessibility to some nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. In addition to these results, the fraction of Si in different soils have been studied and analyzed. It seems by focusing on researches done on this element in the "soil, plant and rhizosphere", it can be hopefull that these results will be more practical in the future of the country's agriculture. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Silicon, Plant nutrition, heavy metals, Si efficiency | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 247 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 273 |
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