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تاثیر بیوچار چوب انگور بر پاسخ ذرت به تنش کمبود آب در شرایط گلخانهای | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 53، شماره 9، آذر 1401، صفحه 1979-1996 اصل مقاله (1.86 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2022.345278.669309 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
محمد تقی تیرگرسلطانی1؛ حسینعلی بهرامی* 2؛ علی مختصی بیدگلی3 | ||
1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
2گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
3گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
یک مطالعه گلخانهای با هدف بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر مراحل رشد رویشی و زایشی گیاه ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت تنش کمبود آب انجام شد. بیوچار تولیدشده از پبرولیز خردههای چوب درخت انگور )در ℃350(، در نسبتهای وزنی 0، 5/0، 1، 2، 3، 4 و 5 درصد با یک خاک لوم شنی (نمونهبرداریشده از استان البرز) مخلوط و بهمنظور کشت ذرت استفاده شدند. آزمایش شامل دو تیمار کمآبیاری در مراحل رویشی (I1) و زایشی (I2) و یک تیمار آبیاری کافی روزانه در طول فصل رشد (I3) بود. گیاهان در دوره کمآبیاری در معرض چرخههای متوالی تر (آبیاری تا حد ظرفیت مزرعه) و خشکشدن خاک (ناشی از تعرق گیاه) با دامنه نوسان رطوبتcm3 cm-3 30/0- 18/0 قرار گرفتند. برخی ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک گیاهان شامل شدت تعرق، هدایت روزنهای و شدت فتوسنتز در طول چرخههای خشکی خاک و زیستتوده در پایان آزمایش اندازهگیری شدند. منحنی رطوبتی خاک با استفاده از دستگاههای جعبه شنی و صفحات فشاری و هدایت هیدرولیکی غیراشباع (Kh) با دستگاه هایپروپ اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد افزودن 4 درصد بیوچار به خاک، شدت تعرق را 81، 100 و 49 درصد در I1، و 228، 198 و 61 درصد در I2 بهترتیب در رطوبتهای خاک 18/0، 20/0 و cm3 cm-3 23/0 افزایش داد. میزان تاثیر بیوچار بر بهبود شاخصهای فیزیولوژیک گیاهان تحت تنش خشکیِ مرحله زایشی، بیشتر از مرحله رویشی بود. در نتیجهی این بهبود، شاخص برداشت گیاهان در خاکهای حاوی بیوچار برای تیمارهای I1 و I2، بهترتیب 35 و 50 درصد افزایش یافت. راندمان مصرف آب دانه نیز در تیمارهای I1 و I2 تحت تاثیر بیوچار بهترتیب 42 و 49 درصد افزایش یافت. با توجه به تاثیر اندک بیوچار بهویژه در محدوده خشک منحنی رطوبتی بر افزایش نگهداشت آب خاک، به نظر میرسد، کارکرد بیوچار در بالاتر نگهداشتن Kh و پتانسیل جریان ماتریک مهمترین عامل بهبود شدت تعرق در چرخههای خشکشدن خاک بود. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
شدت تعرق؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ نگهداشت آب؛ هدایت روزنهای؛ هدایت هیدرولیکی خاک | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The Effect of Grapevine Wood Biochar on Maize Response to Water Deficit Stress in Greenhouse Condition | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Mohammadtaghi Tirgarsoltani1؛ Hosseinali Bahrami2؛ ali mokhtasibidgoli3 | ||
1Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
3Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar on vegetative and reproductive stages of maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit stress. A biochar produced from the pyrolysis of grapevine wood chips (at 350℃), was mixed with a sandy loam soil (from Alborz province) at the rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 % w/w, which were used for planting maize. The experiment consisted of two deficit irrigation treatments in vegetative (I1) and reproductive (I2) stages and one sufficient daily irrigation treatment throughout the growing season (I3). Plants in the period of deficit irrigation were subjected to successive wetting (via watering up to FC) and drying (via plant transpiration) soil cycles with water content varying between 0.30 and 0.18 cm3cm-3, respectively. Some plant physiological characteristics including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate were determined during the drying cycles and biomass at the end of experiment. Soil water retention curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Kh) were measured by a combination of the Sandbox, Pressure plate, and Hyprop apparatus. The results showed that the addition of four percent biochar to the soil increased transpiration rate by 81, 100 and 49% in I1 and 228, 198 and 61% in I2 at soil water contents of 0.18, 0.20 and 0.23 cm3 cm-3, respectively. The effect of biochar on improving the physiological parameters of plants under drought stress in the reproductive stage was greater than the ones in the vegetative stage. Due to this improvement, the harvest index of plants in soils containing biochar increased by 35 and 50% in I1 and I2, respectively. Under the biochar impacts, grain water use efficiency also increased by 42% and 49% in I1 and I2, respectively. Given the small effect of biochar on increasing soil water retention especially in the dry range, it seems that the performance of biochar to keep higher Kh and matric flux potential were the most important factors to improve transpiration rate in the soil drying cycles. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Soil hydraulic conductivity, Stomatal conductance, Transpiration rate, Water use efficiency, Water retention | ||
مراجع | ||
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