Examining the Role of Ottoman Empire, Great Britain and Russian Empire in 1917-1919 Famine from the Legal Viewpoint for Residing in Iranian Collective Memory | ||
| مطالعات کشورها | ||
| Volume 1, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 1-30 PDF (785.34 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original | ||
| DOI: 10.22059/jcountst.2023.91592 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mohammad Samiei* 1; Mohammad Karimi2 | ||
| 1Department of Iranian Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Iranian Studies Dep., Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| During the WWI and after violating the neutrality of Iran by hostile powers, Iranians experienced horrible consequences of war and after several years of drought and food shortcomings, famine and pandemics killed millions of Iranians. Total occupation and overt violation of neutrality by foreigners gradually resulted in a huge number of casualties that would not happen in peace conditions and undoubtedly the foreigners’ operations were among the causes of the 1917-1919 famine in Iran. Surprisingly, there is almost no trace of the horrible event in Iranians’ collective memory. The main question of this research is how we can compensate for this matter by using the standard definitions of war crimes available in international law and in this way help to reside this bitter experience in the collective memory of Iranians and the people of the world. This paper, examining the documents and memoirs of that period, shows many of those events, based on present international regulations and even of that time being “war crimes” or “crimes against humanity”. It concludes that although filing an international lawsuit to pursue is actually impossible because of political exigencies, using the legal terminology is necessary to register this historic catastrophe in the collective memory of Iranians and humanity as a whole. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| 1917-1919 famine; crime against humanity; genocide; Iranians' Collective Memory; war crimes | ||
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| References | ||
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