The Fictocriticism of Mu’allaqā (the Suspended Ode) (Ṭarafah ibn al-‘Abd) According to the Theory of Gaston Bachelard | ||
| ادب عربی | ||
| Article 2, Volume 15, Issue 3 - Serial Number 37, September 2023, Pages 19-39 PDF (931.13 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22059/jalit.2023.353014.612628 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Soghra Falahati1; Zahra Izadi* 2 | ||
| 1Department of Arabic of Language and Literature, Arabic Literature Group, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Arabic Literature Group, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Fictocriticism is an innovative branch in literary criticism, theorerically propounded by the French physicist and philosopher Gaston Bachelard. This framework creates a link between human understanding of the phenomenal world and the four main substances in creation, i.e. water, fire, air and soil. According to Bachelar, each original or outstanding has an intimate relationship with these substances, which is manfested in his/her artistic products. The appearance of this element is associated with a poet’s psyche which is indicatve of what has happened to him/her, apart from its aesthetic features. The phenomenology of imagination targets dual images and analyzes them with psychological concepts. This study draws on this framework in order to examine the duality of images in Tarafa’s poetry and their influence on the poet’s psyche. The study finds that the prominet duality of life and death in Tarafa’s poetry, he creates images inspired by water and soil. The poet first uses the image of earth and then imbues it with images of soil to address the concept of death as his main concern. Accordingly, the phenomenology of imagination by creating sublimation and exaltation in Tarafa’s psyche in forms of topography and shift of images (their size) serves to soothe the poet’s psyche. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| phenomenology; frictocriticism; Gaston Bachelard; Mu’allaqāt; Ṭarafah ibn al-‘Abd | ||
| References | ||
|
Clancier, A., (1974). Gaston Bachelard, Colloque de Cerisy, pp 148-155. Al-Alam, A. I., (2002),.‘Themes of the Poetic Image in Tarfa Bin Al-Abd’s Poetry and Its Sources’, Damascus University for Arts and Human Sciences, No. 2, Pp. 34-67.[In Arabic]. Al-Askari, A. H., (1986). Al-Sanatain, investigation, Ali Muhammad Al-Bajawi, Muhammad Abu Al-Fadl Ibrahim, Beirut, Al-Asriyya Library Publications.[In Arabic]. Aweez Hussain, A., (2016),‘The Interpretation of Signs of Fire according to Gaston Bachelard’, College of Education for Girls for Human Sciences, Vol 10, No 18, Pp 347-363.[In Arabic]. Aweez Hussain, A., (2017),‘The Phenomenology of Human Imagination and the ontology of Gaston Bachelard’s Dream Image, ’ Kufa Arts, Vol 1, No 32, Pp. 449-478.[In Arabic]. Bachelard, G., (1999), Psychoanalysis of fire, translated by Jalal Sattari, Tehran, Tous.[In Persian]. Bachelard, G., (1984), Aesthetics of Place, Arabization: Ghaleb Halasa, Beirut: The University Institute for Studies, Publishing and Distribution. [In Arabic]. Bachelard, G., (2007), Water and Dreams, a Study of Imagination and Matter, Arabization: Ali Najeeb Ibrahim, Presented by: Adonis, Beirut, Arab Organization for Translation. [In Arabic]. Bachelard, G., (2018),The Earth and Daydreams of Comfort, Arabization, Caesar Al-Jalidi, review, Kazem Jihad, Abu Dhabi, Department of Culture and Tourism, word.[In Arabic]. Bachelard, G., (2018), Dialectics of outside and inside, translator, Amir Maziar, Tehran, Art Academy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.[In Persian]. Bachelard, G., (2019), Flame of a candle, translated by Jalal Sattari, Tehran, Tous.[In Persian]. Bachelard, G., (2021 A),Air and Dreams, translated by Masoud Shirbache, Tehran, Naqsh Jahan Mehr.[In Persian]. Bachelard, G.,(2021 B), Epistemology, collection, Dominic Lokour, translated by Jalal Satari, third edition, Tehran, Cultural Research Office.[In Persian]. Bin Dahman, H., and Sharif, B. Z., (2021),‘Gaston Bachelard between Phenomenology and Psychoanalysis’, Court Journal for Philosophical Studies, Vol 9, No 2, Pp. 662-683.[In Arabic]. Copleston, F.,(1988), History of Greek and Roman Philosophy, translation, Seyed Jalaluddin Mojtaboi, Tehran, Scientific and Cultural and Soroush Publications.[In Persian]. Clancier, A., (1974), ‘Gaston Bachelard, Colloque de Cerisy’, Pp 148-155. Dhaif, S., (1962), In Literary Criticism, third edition, Cairo, Dar Al-Maaref. [In Arabic]. Erwin, E., (2013), An introduction to Freud's psychology, translation, Behrouz Soltani, Tehran, Jami.[In Persian]. Al-Faidoh, A. Q., (1998), Intellectual and Aesthetic Values in the Poetry of Tarfa Bin Al-Abd, Bahrain, Al-Ayyam Foundation for Press, Publishing and Distribution.[In Arabic]. Feist, J., and Gregory Feist, J., (2008), Personality theories, translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi, Tehran: Nashravan.[In Persian]. Al-Hashemi, M. A., (1987), Tarfa bin Al-Abd, his life and poetry, second edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiya. [In Arabic]. Hadidan, N., (2018),‘The Problem of Destiny in the Mu’allaqa Tarfa Bin Al Abd’, Horizons of Science, Vol. 3, No. 1, Pp. 113-120. [In Arabic]. Hassoun Hussein, S.,(2016),‘The Movement of Meaning in the Poetry of Tarfa Bin Al-Abd, A Study in the Meaning of Poetry’, University of Baghdad, Arts, Vol 1, Nol 118, Pp 65-94.[In Arabic]. Haqparast, A., (2008), ‘Discussion of four elements by Khandmir’, Ma'arif, No 69, Pp 125-144.[In Persian]. Ibn al-Athir, D. A.D., (1958), Remedial response to the message of Ibn al-Dahan, presented by Omar al-Dasuqi, translation and verification, Hanafi Muhammad Sharaf, Cairo, Anglo-Egyptian Library .[In Arabic]. Al-Jahiz, A. O. O. B. B., ( ND), Al-Haywan, Beirut, Dar-Alehya Al-Torath Al-Arabi.[In Arabic]. Al-Jubouri, Y., (2015), Pre-Islamic Poetry, Its Characteristics and Arts, Oman, Dar Al-Majdalawi for Publishing and Distribution.[In Arabic]. Al-Jundi, A., (1973), The young pre-Islamic poet Tarfa bin Al-Abd, investigation and study of his poetry and personality, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arab.[In Arabic]. Karmi, B. et al., (2013),‘The Functional Role of Phoneme in the Camel Description in Ṭarafah's Mu’allaqā’ , Rays of Criticism in Arabic and Persian, Vol 4, No 14, Pp 4, number 14, 137-159. [In Arabic]. Khaldoun, A. R., (2017), ‘The Camel and the Journey of Existence in Tarfa bin Al-Abd Al-Bakri’, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol 10, No 20, Pp. 327-341.[In Arabic]. Mostafavinia, M. R., Tawakoli Mohammadi, M., Zafarizadeh, S., (2014), ‘analysis of the common elements and themes of Talli's prefaces in Mu’allaqāt ’. Arabic Literature,Vol 7, No 1, Pp 249-274. [In Persian]. Motahari, M., (1970),‘Principle of Contradiction in Islamic Islamic Philosophy’, Articles and Reviews, No. 1, Pp. 11-30. [In Persian]. Naderi, F., Moezni, M. A., (2016), ‘The position of imaginative criticism in the aesthetics of Ibn Khafajah and Hilali Joghtaei's poetry based on Gaston Bachelard's theory’, Literary Aesthetics, Vol 8, No 32, Pp 9-31.[In Persian]. Nafay, W., Nasira Jaidani.(2022),‘From the Philosophy of Science to the Philosophy of Poetry, Gaston Bachelard as an Example, ’ Al-Ma’yaar, Vol 26, No 5, Pp. 153-161. [In Arabic]. Namvar Mutlaq, B., (2016), ‘ Bachelard, the founder of imaginative criticism’, research paper of Farhangistan Art Academy, No. 3,Pp 57-72.[In Persian]. Noureddine, H. J., (1990), Tarfa bin Al-Abd, his biography and poetry, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alamiyyah..[In Arabic]. Noureddine, A., (2018), ‘Psychoanalysis in the Bachelard Project’, Algeria, Vol 5, No 7, Dimensions, Pp. 265-282. .[In Arabic]. Al-Nuwaihi, M., (2010), pre-Islamic poetry, a methodology in its study and verification, Cairo, the National House for Printing and Publishing.[In Arabic]. Nicholson, R., (2010), History of Arabic Literature, translation, Kivan Dokht Kivani, Tehran: Vistar.[In Persian]. Sabiri, F., (2017), Fictional criticism of An Asr Ab in the adaptation of Nima Yoshij and Badrshaker Al-Siyab's poems based on Gaston Bachelard's theory, Birjand University.[In Persian]. Sharif Askari, M. S., Zare Burmi, M., (2014), ‘Analysis of the characteristics of the fluid flow of the mind in Mu'allaqat based on Narrative Techniques’, Arabic Literature, Vol 7, No1, Pp 129- 154.[In Persian]. Shakib, M., (1999),Long Jahili Chekamehs, Tehran, Paya.[In Persian]. Al-Shamshati, A. A., (1977), Al-Anwar and the Beauties of Poems, Kuwait, Government Press.[In Arabic]. Al-Shantamry.(2000), Diwan Tarfa bin Al-Abd, investigation, Doria Al-Khatib and Lutfi Al-Saqqal, Beirut, Arab Institute for Studies and Publishing.[In Arabic]. Al-Sharif, S. A-M. M., (2021), ‘The stylistic structures of the scene of love in the commentary of Tarfa bin Al-Abd’, Arts for Linguistic and Literary Studies, No 12, Pp. 274-314.[In Arabic]. Shovalieh, J. and Gerbran, A., (2007), Symbols Culture, Vol. 1, 3 and 5, translation and research, Soudabe Fazali, Tehran, Jihun..[In Persian]. Taheri Nia, A. B. et al., (2012), ‘The element of water in the ode of Yehwar Kanaan Ezzeddin Manasra based on the critical method of Gaston Bachelard’, Criticism of Contemporary Arabic Literature, Vol 2, No 2, Pp 157-183.[In Persian]. Tarjanizadeh, A., (2016), Description of the Mu’allaqā (the Suspended Ode), Tehran, Soroush.[In Persian]. Al-Zahrani, A. B. A., (2021), ‘The Aesthetics of Place in the Poetry of Tarfa bin Al-Abd’, The Islamic University of Arabic Language and Literature, No 11, Pp. 566-605.[In Arabic]. Al-Zawzni, A. A. H. B. A.,(1989), Explanation of the Seven Mu'allaqat, investigation, Yusuf Ali Badawi, Beirut, Dar Ibn Katheer.[In Arabic]. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 643 PDF Download: 447 |
||