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مطالعه تاثیر سطوح آبیاری، میکوریز و آزوسپریلوم بر صفات فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام جو | ||
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
دوره 54، شماره 2، اردیبهشت 1402، صفحه 407-427 اصل مقاله (1.56 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.354339.669437 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
شهریار علومی ثمرین1؛ جلیل اجلی* 2؛ علی فرامرزی3؛ مهرداد عبدی4؛ ناصر نظری2 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه ، ایران | ||
2گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران | ||
3گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه | ||
4گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، واحد میانه ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، میانه ، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
این بررسی با هدف کاهش یا تعدیل اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام جو با کاربرد کودهای زیستی در دو سال متوالی در مزرعه به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار به اجرا درآمد. در سال اول آزمایش، فاکتور اصلی آبیاری در دو سطح (آبیاری نرمال یعنی آبیاری کامل در طول دوره رشد گیاه و آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله سنبلهدهی) و فاکتور فرعی ارقام در چهار سطح (کویر، والفجر، نصرت و یوسف) بود. در سال دوم آزمایش، فاکتور اول آبیاری در چهار سطح (آبیاری کامل در طول دوره رشد گیاه به عنوان شاهد، آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله سنبلهدهی، آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله آبستنی و کشت دیم)، فاکتور دوم کودهای بیولوژیک در چهار سطح (کاربرد باکتری محرک رشد آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم Azospirillum lipoferum، به کارگیری قارچ میکوریز گونه Glomus intraradices، ترکیب میکوریز و آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم، عدم کاربرد میکوریز و باکتری به عنوان شاهد) و فاکتور سوم ارقام در سه سطح (رقم حساس و رقم متحمل برتر حاصل از گزینش سال اول و رقم دیم آبیدر) بود. در شرایط آبیاری نرمال (بدون تنش) بالاترین عملکرد دانه با 7775 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم کویر و کمترین عملکرد دانه با 5650 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم والفجر بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش آبیاری (آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله سنبلهدهی) با 6209 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم نصرت و کمترین عملکرد دانه با 4168 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به رقم کویر بود. در این تحقیق در بین ارقام مورد ارزیابی، رقم نصرت بالاترین مقدار تحمل به تنش را داشت. در حالی که رقم والفجر کمترین مقدار تحمل به تنش را نشان داد و با توجه به نتایج سال اول دو رقم نصرت و والفجر انتخاب گردید. نتایج سال دوم نشان داد که کاربرد باکتری محرک رشد آزوسپریلیوم، قارچ میکوریز و ترکیب میکوریز و آزوسپریلوم نسبت به شاهد (عدم کاربرد میکوریز و باکتری) باعث افزایش 02/2، 38/2 و 31/3 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید. آبیاری کامل در طول دوره رشد گیاه نسبت به تیمارهای آبیاری تا 50 درصد مرحله آبستنی و کشت دیم باعث افزایش 43/4 و 04/10 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید. در کل رقم والفجر به دلیل درصد کاهش عملکرد دانه کمتر نسبت به سایر ارقام و برتری این رقم از نظر شاخص حساسیت به تنش انتخاب گردید و این رقم پتانسیل تبدیل به رقم تجاری مناسب را نیر دارد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تنش خشکی؛ جو. عملکرد کمی و کیفی؛ فیزیولوژیک؛ کودهای زیستی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Study of the effect of irrigation, mycorrhiza, and azospirillum on the quantitative and qualitative yield of barley varieties | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Shahryar Olumi somarin1؛ Jalil Ajali2؛ Ali Faramarzi3؛ Mehrdad Abdi4؛ Naser Nazari2 | ||
1Ph.D. Student of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran | ||
2Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran | ||
3Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran | ||
4Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
This field study was conducted with the objective of reducing or alleviating the drought stress effect on yield and yield components of barley varieties by applying biological fertilizers in two consecutive years within the framework of a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications. In the first year of the experiment, the main plot was irrigation at two levels (normal irrigation or full irrigation during the plant growth period, and irrigation until 50% of spike stage) and sub-plot was barley variety (Kavir, Valfajr, Nusrat, and Yusef). In the second year of the experiment, the first factor was irrigation at four levels (full irrigation during the plant growth as the control, irrigation until 50% of spike stage, irrigation until 50% of booting stage, and rainfed cultivation). The second factor was biological fertilizer application at four levels (Azospirillum lipoferum growth-stimulating bacterium, Mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices, combination of Mycorrhizal and Azospirillium lipoform, and control). The third factor was barley variety at three levels (the superior and the susceptible varieties selected from the first year experiment and Abidar rainfed variety). In the normal irrigation conditions (non-stress), the maximum grain yield was 7775 kg/ha for the Kavir variety, and the minimum grain yield was 5650 kg/ha for the Valfajr variety. In irrigation stress conditions (irrigation up to 50% of spike stage), the maximum grain yield was 6209.4 kg/ha for the Nosrat variety, and the minimum grain yield was 4167.7 kg/ha for the Kavir variety. In this research, the Nosrat variety had the maximum tolerance against stress among the studied varieties. However, the Valfajr variety showed minimum drought stress tolerance. According to the results of the first year experiment, two Nosrat and Valfajr varieties were selected. The results of the second year experiment showed that applying Azospirillum lipoferum growth-stimulating bacterium, Mycorrhizal fungus, and the combination of Mycorrhizal and Azospirillium lipoform increased the grain yield up to 2.02, 2.38, and 3.31% compared to the control treatment, respectively. Full irrigation during the plant growth period compared to irrigation treatments up to 50% of the booting stage and rainfed cultivation increased the grain yield by 4.43% and 10.04%, respectively. In general, the Valfajr variety was selected due to the lower percentage of grain yield reduction compared to other varieties and the superiority of this variety in terms of stress sensitivity index, and this variety has the potential to become a suitable commercial variety. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Barley, Biofertilizers, Drought stress, Physiological, Quantitative and qualitative yield | ||
مراجع | ||
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