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Land Reforms of Pahlavi II and Its Social and Economic Consequences(1340-1357 SH) | ||
| Contemporary Researches on Islamic Revolution | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 5، شماره 15، خرداد 2023، صفحه 19-34 اصل مقاله (518.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Science - Research | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Behzad Ghasemi* 1؛ Bahadur Shahriari2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Faculty member of the Imam Hossein University, Tehran, IRAN. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Faculty member of the Imam Hossein University, Tehran, IRAN. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The present study aimed to etiology of land reform and its consequences based on social anomie approach by scrutinizing historical events and documents. To this aim, with a descriptive-analytical method, explain the social and economic consequences of land reforms. The main question is: ‘What was the nature of land reform and what its socio-economic consequences are?’ The main hypothesis is that farmers lost their social law (solidarity) and economic independence (self-sufficiency) after land reform. The results indicated that the reforms were not internal and were carried out under pressure from the government and abroad. The wandering of farmers after land reforms led to anomie, i.e., the lack of functioning norms and caused a fragmentation of society. Farmers in the socioeconomic realm were out of balance and suffered from socioeconomic mess. The liberation of a rural community from solidarity and the problem of a self-sustaining economy made farmers face many crises. Social crisis and economic poverty threw society into anomalies. Social crisis and economic poverty threw society into anomalies. As a result, self-sufficient farmers and villagers, with high correlations with the pre-land-reforms, consequently divided the land and villagers migration to the cities, were caught up in social anomie. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Land Reform؛ Pahlavi II؛ Villagers؛ Anomie؛ Social and Economic Turmoil؛ Farmers | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| اصلاحات ارضیِ پهلوی دوم و پیامدهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی آن (1340 – 1357ش) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| بهزاد قاسمی1؛ بهادر شهریاری2 | ||
| 1دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه امام حسین، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه امام حسین، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| پژوهش حاضر، با تدقیقِ وقایع و شواهد تاریخی به علت شناسی اصلاحات ارضی و پیامد اجتماعی – اقتصادی آن پرداخته است. مسئله اصلی؛ شناسایی و تبیین پیامدهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی ناشی از اصلاحات ارضی است که با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی انجام خواهد شد. پرسش این است؛ ماهیت اصلاحات ارضی چه بود و پیامدهای اجتماعی – اقتصادی آن کدامند؟ فرضیه اصلی نیز ناظر به این گزاره است، اصلاحات ارضی درون زا نبود، کشاورزان بعد از اصلاحات ارضی، انتظام اجتماعی (همبستگی) و استقلال اقتصادی (خودکفایی) خود را از دست دادند. یافته ها نشان داد که اصلاحات امر درونی نبود و با فشار دولت و مداخله خارجی انجام شد. اصلاحات ارضی تبعات زیادی برجای گذاشت، فقدان کارکرد هنجارها، موجبِ چند پارگی جامعه شد. کشاورزان در قلمرو اجتماعی و اقتصادی دچار سرگردانی شده بودند. رهایی جامعه روستایی از همبستگی و مسئله دار کردن اقتصاد خودکفا، کشاورزان را با بحرانهای عدیده مواجه ساخته بود. بحران اجتماعی و فقر اقتصادی از اهم آنها بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| اصلاحات ارضی, پهلوی دوم, روستائیان, تبعات اجتماعی و اقتصادی, کشاورزان | ||
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