پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,501 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,114,692 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,218,472 |
بررسی رهاسازی عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم از بیوچارهای مختلف و ارتباط آن‌ها با شیمی سطح بیوچار | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 9، آذر 1402، صفحه 1283-1297 اصل مقاله (1.1 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.362309.669535 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا کاظمی1؛ زهرا وارسته خانلری* 2؛ محبوبه ضرابی3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر ملایر، ایران | ||
| 3گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر ملایر، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی رهاسازی عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم از انواع بیوچار، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. از بیوچارها در 2 درصد وزنی استفاده گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل خاک شاهد (CS)، خاک+بیوچار ضایعات انگور (GSB)، خاک+ بیوچار پوسته قهوه‌ای گردو (NSB) و خاک+ بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم (WSB) بود. نمونه‌ها حدود چهار ماه انکوباسیون و نمونه-برداری از زمان‌های 0، 7، 14، 28، 42، 56، 88 و 120 روز صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد افزودن بیوچار موجب افزایش معنی‌دار غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در تمام تیمارها در مقایسه با خاک شاهد شد. غلظنت نیتروژن از 7/766 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در خاک شاهد (میانگین کل زمان‌ها) به 2/1272 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار GSB، 7/1366 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار WSB و 9/1488 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار NSB رسید. غلظنت فسفر از 5/44 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در خاک شاهد (میانگین کل زمان‌ها) به 1/79 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار GSB، 1/67 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار WSB و 8/70 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار NSB افزایش یافت و غلظت پتاسم در خاک شاهد از 0/103 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به 5/656، 8/293 و 6/125 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به ترتیب در تیمار GSB، WSB و NSB رسید. تیمار WSB و NSB به ترتیب به طور میانگین 0/52 و 5/50 درصد از نیتروژن خود را طی 120 روز آزاد کردند در حالی‌که تیمار GSB به‌طور میانگین فقط 6/28 درصد از کل نیتروژن خود را آزاد کرد. ترتیب رهاسازی نیتروژن از تیمار بیوچار به این صورت بود: WSB≥ NSB> GSB. با توجه به انتشار فسفر، کارآمدترین تیمار NSB و ناکارآمدترین تیمار GSB بود. ترتیب رهاسازی فسفر از تیمار بیوچار به این صورت بود: NSB> WSB> GSB. مقدار پتاسیم قابل دسترس در تیمار GSB (به‌طور میانگین 7/6-3/2 برابر) بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود. بالاترین میزان انتشار در تیمار GSB مشاهده شد. ترتیب رهاسازی پتاسیم از تیمار بیوچار به این صورت بود: GSB> WSB> NSB. نتایج طیف مادون قرمز نشان داد که انحلال آمیدهای حاوی نیتروژن، مکانیسم اصلی انتشار N می‌باشد. کاهش pH ناشی از نیتریفیکاسیون موجب انحلال Ca-P از بیوچار شده و موجب افزایش رهاسازی فسفر گردیده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| رهاسازی؛ طیف مادون قرمز؛ قابلیت دسترسی عناصر ضروری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from biochars of grape waste, straw and wheat stubble and walnut shell | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali-Reza Kazemi1؛ Zahra varasteh khanlari2؛ Mahboubeh Zarabi3 | ||
| 1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer. Iran | ||
| 2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer. Iran | ||
| 3Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| To investigate the release of nitrogen. Phosphorus and potassium elements from biochar, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in three replications. Biochars were used by 2% in weight (W/W). The experimental treatments included control soil (CS), Soil+ Grape waste biochar (GSB), Soil + wheat straw and stubble (WSB) + brown walnut shell biochar (NSB) and Soil. The samples were incubated for about four months and sampling was done at days of 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 88 and 120. The results showed that the biochar addition significantly increased the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in all biochar-amended soils compared to the control soil. Nitrogen concentration ranged from 766.6 mg kg-1 in control (average of sampling times) to 1272.2, 1366.7, and 1488.9 mg kg-1 in GSB, WSB and NSB treatments, respectively. Phosphorus concentration enhanced from 44.5 mg kg-1 in control (time-average of sampling) to 79.1, 67.1, and 70.8 mg kg-1 in GSB, WSB and NSB, respectively, and the concentration of potassium in the control increased from 103 mg kg-1 to 656.5, 293.8, and 125.6 mg kg-1 in the GSB, WSB, and NSB treatments, respectively. The WSB and NSB treatments released an average of 52% and 50.5% of their nitrogen content, respectively during 120 days, increased while GSB released only 28.6% of its total nitrogen on average. The order of nitrogen release rates in biochar were as follows: WSB≥ NSB> GSB. Regarding the release of phosphorus, NSB was considered to be the most efficient biochar, which was able to release 5% of its phosphorus during 4 months, while, GSB was the lowest effective biochar releasing only 0.5% of its phosphorus during the corresponding time. The order of phosphorus release from biochar treatments was as follows: NSB > WSB > GSB. The amount of available potassium in GSB was 2.3 to 6.7 times higher than the other treatments. The order of potassium release from biochar treatments was as follows: GSB > WSB > NSB. The results of infrared spectroscopy showed that the dissolution of amides containing nitrogen is the main mechanism of N release. The decrease in pH caused by nitrification, probably facilitated Ca-P dissolution from biochar and led to a higher phosphorus release. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Availability of essential elements, Release, Infrared spectroscopy | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Angst, T.E. and Sohi, S.P. (2013). Establishing release dynamics for plant nutrients from biochar. GCB Bioenergy. 5, 221-226. Agegnehu, G., Nelson, N. and Bird, M.I. (2016). Crop yield, plant nutrient uptake and soil physicochemical properties under organic soil amendments and nitrogen fertilization on Entisols. Soil Tillage Research. 160, 1–13. Arden-Clarke, C. and Hodges, R. (1988). The environmental effects of conventional and organic/biological farming systems. II. Soil ecology, soil fertility and nutrient cycles. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 5, 223–287. Bird, M. I., McBeath, A. V., Ascough, P. L., Levchenko, V. A., Wurster, C. M., Munksgaard, N. C. and Williams, A. (2017). Loss and gain of carbon during char degradation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 106, 80-89. Chan, K.Y. and Xu, Z. (2009). Biochar nutrient properties and their enhancement. Biochar of Environmental Management Science Technology. 1, 67-84. Clough, T.J., Condron, L.M., Kammann, C. and Muller, C. (2013). A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics. Agronomy. 3, 275-293. Dari, B., Nair, V.D., Harris, W. G., Nair, P.K.R., Sollenberger, L. and Mylavarapu, R. (2016). Relative influence of soil- vs. biochar properties on soil phosphorus retention. Geoderma. 280, 82–87. Gao, S., Deluca, T.H. and Cleveland, C.C. (2018). Biochar additions alter phosphorus and nitrogen availability in agricultural ecosystems: a meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment. 654, 463-472. Gee, C.W. and Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In: A. Klute. (Ed), Methods of soil analysis. Part, Physical and mineralogical methods. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 383-411. Guo, M., Uchimiya, S.M. and He, Z. (2016). Agricultural and Environmental Applications of Biochar: Advances and Barriers. 63, 495-504. Haefele, S.M., Konboon, Y., Wongboon, W., Amarante, S., Maarifat, A.A. and Pfeiffer, E.M. (2011). Effect and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems. Field Crops Research. 121 (3): 430-440. Hemati Matin N, Jalali M, Antoniadis V, Shaheen S.M, Wang J, Zhang T, Wang H and Rinklebe J. (2020) Almond and walnut shell-derived biochars affect sorption-desorption, fractionation, and release of phosphorus in two different soils. Chemosphere. 241:124888. Ippolito, J.A., Spokas, K.A., Novak, J.M., Lentz, R.D and Cantell, K.B. (2015). Biochar elemental composition and factors influencing nutrient. In: Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation. PP. 139-163. Jing, Y., Zhang, Y., Han, I., Wang, P., Mei, Q and Huang, Y. (2020). Effects of different straw biochars on soil organic carbon, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and enzyme activity in paddy soil. Scientific Reports. 10:8837 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65796-2 Jones, B. J. R. (2001). Laboratory guide for conducting soil test and plant analysis. NewYork: Crc. P. 384 Kamali, M., Jahaninafard, D., Mostafaie, A., Davarazar, M., Gomes, A.P.D., Tarelho, L., Dewil, R. and Aminabhavi, T.M. (2020). Scientometric analysis and scientific trends on biochar application as soil amendment. Chemical Engineering Journal 395, 125128. Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (2015). Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation. Routledge. PP: 907. Mukherjee, A. and Zimmerman. A.R. (2013). Organic carbon and nutrient release from a range of laboratory-produced biochars and biochar-soil mixture. Ceoderma. 193, 122-130. Najafi Ghairi, M and Boostani, H.R. (2017). Effect of application of crop and licorice root residues and their biochars on potassium status of a calcareous soil. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. Vol. 24(3), 77-93.http://jwsc.gau.ac.ir. (In Persian) Najafi Ghairi, M. (2014). The effect of using different biochars on some soil characteristics and the ability to absorb some nutrients from a calcareous soil. Soil research. 29 (3): 351-358. (In Persian) Nelissen, V., Rutting, T., Huygens, D., Staelen, J., Ruysschaert, G. and Boeckx, P. (2012). Maize biochars accelerate ahort-term soil nitrogen dynamics in a loamy sand soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 55, 20-27. Nelson, R.E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. In: page, A.L: Miller, R.H; and Keeney, D.R. Methods of soil analysis. Part2. Chemical and microbiological properties (2nd Ed). Agronomy monograph. No.9. ASA. PP: 181-196 Nigussie, A., Kissi, E.K., Misganaw, M. and Ambaw, G. (2012). Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (Lactuca Sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American Eurasian Journal of Agricukture & Environmental. 12 (3): 369-376. Ok, Y.S., Tsang, D.C., Bolan, N. and Novak, J.M. (2018). Biochar from Biomass and Waste: Fundamentals and Applications. Elsevier. Oliveira, F.R., Patel, A.K., Jaisi, D.P., Adhikari, S., Lu, H. and Khanal, S.K. (2017). Environmental app;ication of biochar, Current status and perspectives. Bioresource Technology.v.246, p. 110-122. Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, L.E. (1982). Phosphorus. In: Miller, A.L., Methods of soil analysis, part 2. Chemical and mineralogical properties (2nd Ed). Agronomy series NO.9. Soil Science Society of American Journal. USA. pp. 403-430. Piash, M.I., Lwabuchi, K., Itoh, T. and Uemura, K. (2021). Release of essential plant nutrients from manure and wood-based biochars. Geoderma. 397, 1-11. Pierzynski, G. M. (2000). Methods of phosphorus analysis for soils, sediments, residuals, and waters. Prendergast-Miller, M.T., Duvall, M. and Sohi, S.P. (2011). Localisation of nitrate in the rhizosphere of biochar-amended soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 43(11), 2243-2246. Rowell, D.L. (1994). Soil Science: Methods and Applications. Longman Group, London. Sheng, Y. and Zhu, L. (2018). Biochar alters microbial community and carbon sequestration potential across different soil pH. Science of The Total Environment. 622-623, 1391–1399. Tan, K.H. (2005). Soil Sampling, Preparation, and Analysis. CRC Press. Tan, Z., Liu, L., Zhang, L. and Huang, Q., 2017. Mechanistic study of the influence of pyrolysis conditions on potassium speciation in biochar “preparation-application” process. Science of The Total Environment. 599: 207-216. Tan, Z., Ye, Z., Zhang, L. and Huang, Q. (2018). Application of the 15N tracer method to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere on the distribution of biochar nitrogen in the biomass–biochar-plant system. Science of The Total Environment. 622-623, 79–87. Tilman, D., Cassman, K.G., Matson, P.A., Naylor, R. and Polasky. S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices, Nature. 418, 671-677. Torres-Dorante, L.O., Claassen, N., Steingrobe, B. and Olfs, H.W. (2005). Hydrolysis rates of inorganic polyphosphates in aqueous solution as well as in soils and effects on P availability. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 168 (3): 352-358. Vitousek, P.M., Naylor, R., Crews, T., David, M., Drinkwater, L., Holland, E., Johnes, P., Katzenberger, J., Martinelli, L. and Matson, P. (2009). Nutrient imbalances in agricultural development. Science. 324, 1519-1520. Wang, T., Camps-Arbestain, M. & Hedley, M. (2014). The fate of phosphorus of ash-rich biochars in a soil-plant system. Plant and Soil. 375, 61-74. Wang, L., Xue, C., Nie, X., Liu, Y. and Chen, F. (2018). Effects of biochar application on soil potassium dynamics and crop uptake. Journal of Plant Nutrition of Soil Science. 181, 635-643. Yang, X., Meng, J., Lan, Y., Chen, W., Yang, T., Yuan, J. and Han, J. (2017). Effects of maize stover and its biochar on soil CO2 emissions and labile organic carbon fractions in Northeast China. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 240, 24-31. Yin, Q., Zhang, B., Wang, R. and Zhao, Z. (2017). Biochar as an adsorbent for inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 24, 26297-26309. Yuan, S., Tan, Z. and Huang, Q. (2018). Migration and transformation mechanism of nitrogen in the biomass–biochar–plant transport process. Renew. Sustain Energy Reviews. 85, 1–13. Zhao, X., Wang, S. and Xing, G. (2014). Nitrification, acidification, and nitrogen leaching from subtropical cropland soils as affected by rice straw-based biochar: laboratory incubation and column leaching studies. Journal of Soil and Sediments. 14, 471-482. Zhu, L. X., Xiao, Q., Cheng, H. Y., Shi, B. J., Shen, Y. F. and Li, S. Q. (2017). Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial activity after biochar addition in a dryland maize field in North-Western China. Ecological Engineering. 104,141-149. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 282 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 268 |
||