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بهبود الگوی خیس‌شدگی خاک در سامانه‌های آبیاری قطره‌ای با تاکید بر مدیریت پالسی | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 54، شماره 12، اسفند 1402، صفحه 1885-1911 اصل مقاله (2.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2023.365593.669576 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ساناز محمدی* 1؛ ایمان حاجی راد2؛ عبدالمجید لیاقت3 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 3گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| عمق و عرض پیاز رطوبتی تعیین‌کننده فاصله بین لترال‌ها و قطره‌چکان‌های آبیاری و درنتیجه تعداد ان‌ها و هزینه نهایی سامانه آبیاری می‌باشد. بنابراین برای تطبیق هرچه بیشتر الگوی خیس‌شدگی خاک با الگوی رشد ریشه، پژوهشگران استفاده از روش‌های مختلفی همچون تنظیم دور و عمق آبیاری، استفاده از مانع فیزیکی، کاپیلاری و هیدرولیکی و مدیریت پالسی را مورد بررسی قرار داده‌اند. اعمال مدیریت پالسی در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای به‌دلیل توانایی بهبود توزیع رطوبت در خاک می‌تواند جایگزین روش معمول آبیاری پیوسته شود. مطالعات نشان می‌دهند که آبیاری پالسی با بهبود دسترسی ریشه گیاه به آب، اکسیژن و عناصر غذایی باعث افزایش فعالیت ریشه و توسعه آن می‌شود. علاوه بر این، آبیاری پالسی از طریق بهبود توزیع رطوبت در خاک‌هایی با بافت سنگین از تجمع آب در یک نقطه خاص از خاک جلوگیری کرده و باعث کاهش تبخیر آب از خاک می‌گردد. در خاک‌هایی با بافت سبک نیز استفاده از مدیریت پالسی می‌تواند منجربه کاهش نفوذ عمقی به زیر منطقه توسعه ریشه گیاه گردد. آبیاری پالسی از طریق فراهم کردن امکان استفاده از قطره‌چکان با نرخ دبی بالا می‌تواند تأثیر مثبتی بر کاهش گرفتگی قطره‌چکان‌های آبیاری داشته باشد. نتایج کلی تحقیقات نشان می‌دهد که آبیاری قطره‌ای پالسی می‌تواند بهبود عملکرد محصول و بهره‌وری آب را به همراه داشته باشد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر مروری بر تجربیات استفاده از روش‌های مختلف مدیریتی برای بهبود الگوی خیس‌شدگی خاک و ارائه معادلات تجربی برای شبیه‌سازی الگوی خیس‌شدگی خاک تحت سامانه‌های آبیاری قطره‌ای با تاکید بر جریان پالسی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| رشد محصول؛ توزیع رطوبت؛ عملکرد؛ گرفتگی قطره‌چکان؛ مدیریت آبیاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Improving the soil wetting pattern in drip irrigation systems with emphasis on pulsed management | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| sanaz mohammadi1؛ Iman Hajirad2؛ Abdolmajid Liaghat3 | ||
| 1Water Management and Engineering Department, Collage of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural | ||
| 3Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The depth and width of the soil wetting pattern determine the spacing between irrigation laterals and the irrigation drippers that influence their numbers and the overall cost of the irrigation system. Therefore, researchers look for solutions to adapt the soil wetting pattern to the pattern of crop root growth as much as possible such as adjusting the irrigation depth and irrigation intervals, utilizing physical, capillary, and hydraulic barriers, as well as pulsed management. Pulsed drip irrigation can replace the usual method of continuous irrigation due to its ability to improve the distribution of soil moisture and consequently crop yield. It also, prevents the accumulation of water in a specific point of the soil and decrease evaporation by improving moisture distribution in the soils with heavy texture and in the soils with a light texture, can lead to a reduction of deep percolation bellow the crop root zone. The results of studies have shown that pulsed drip irrigation can have a positive effect on reducing the clogging of irrigation drippers by providing the possibility of using a dripper with a high flow rate. Therefore, the general results of the research show that the use of pulsed drip irrigation can improve crop yield and water productivity. The purpose of this study is to review the experiences of using different management methods to improve the soil wetting pattern in drip irrigation systems and also provide experimental equations for simulating the soil wetting pattern under drip irrigation systems with emphasis on pulsed management. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Crop Growth, Dripper Clogging, Irrigation Management, Moisture Distribution, Yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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