اثر تمرینات بدنی هدف‌مدار بر کارکردهای شناختی کودکان با اختلال یادگیری
رشد و یادگیری حرکتی ورزشی
مقاله 1 ، دوره 16، شماره 3 ، مهر 1403، صفحه 5-21 781.05 K )
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jsmdl.2023.362812.1742 نویسندگان
هانیه قاسمیان مقدم 1 حسن محمدزاده* 2 1 گروه رفتارحرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.2 گروه رفتارحرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران .چکیده مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر یک دوره تمرینات بدنی هدف‌مدار تکواندو بر کارکردهای شناختی کودکان با اختلال یادگیری اجرا شد.روش پژوهش: در این پژوهش نیمه‌تجربی که با طرح پیش‌آزمون ـ پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل انجام گرفت، 20 نفر از کودکان پسر با اختلال یادگیری با مراجعه به آموزش و پرورش استثنایی شهر مشهد از مراکز اختلال یادگیری انتخاب شدند. در مرحلة پیش‌آزمون، حافظة کاری و بازداری آزمودنی‌ها به‌ترتیب توسط آزمون‌های ان ـ بک و استروپ سنجیده شدند. پس آن، گروه تمرین در برنامة تمرینی منتخب تکواندو به‌صورت سه جلسة 50 دقیقه‌ای در هفته، در بازة زمانی چهار هفته شرکت کردند. در هر جلسه پیش از اجرای پروتکل تمرینی از مجموعه بازی‌های شناختی مغز من استفاده شد. 10 دقیقة اول جلسه، اجرای بازی‌های شناختی، سپس 10 دقیقه گرم کردن، 30 دقیقه آموزش و تمرین تکنیک‌های تکواندو و در آخر 10 دقیقه سرد کردن انجام گرفت. طی این مدت، گروه کنترل فعالیت‌های عادی خود را انجام دادند. در انتها، متغیرهای وابسته مجدداً در مرحلة پس‌آزمون اندازه‌گیری شدند. به‌منظور تحلیل آماری از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌های تکراری استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: تمرینات بدنی هدف‌مدار تکواندو موجب بهبود کارکردهای شناختی در گروه تمرین شد؛ تمامی این تغییرات در مقایسه با گروه کنترل معنادار بود (0/05>P).نتیجه‌گیری: تمرینات بدنی هدف‌مدار تکواندو می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک مداخله بر بهبود کارکردهای شناختی این گروه کودکان تأثیرگذار باشد.کلیدواژه‌ها
اختلال یادگیری ؛ بازداری ؛ تکواندو ؛ تمرین بدنی ؛ حافظه کاری عنوان مقاله [English]The Effect of Goal-Oriented Physical Exercises on Cognitive Functions of Children with Learning Disorder نویسندگان [English]
Hanieh Ghasemian Moghadam1 ؛ Hasan Mohamadzadeh2
1 Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.2 Department of Motor behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran .چکیده [English]Introduction : The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a course of Taekwondo goal-oriented physical exercises on the cognitive functions of children with learning disorders.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, which was conducted with a pre-test-post-test control group design, 20 boys with learning disorders were selected from the centers for learning disabilities by referring to special education in Mashhad. In the pre-test stage, the participants' working memory and inhibition were measured by N-back and Stroop tests, respectively. After that, the exercise group participated in the selected Taekwondo exercise program for three 50-minute sessions per week for four weeks. In each session, a set of My Brain cognitive games was used before the implementation of the exercise protocol. In the first 10 minutes of the session, cognitive games were played, then 10 minutes of warming up, 30 minutes of teaching and practicing Taekwondo techniques, and finally 10 minutes of cooling down were conducted. During this period, the control group did their usual activities. Finally, the dependent variables were measured again in the post-test phase. Repeated measures analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis.Results: Taekwondo goal-oriented physical exercises improved cognitive functions in the Exercise group; All these changes were significant compared to the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Taekwondo goal-oriented physical exercises can be effective as an intervention to improve the cognitive functions of this group of children.کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Inhibition, Learning Disorder, Physical Exercise, Taekwondo Working Memory
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