پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 161 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 6,532 |
| تعداد مقالات | 70,501 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 124,112,225 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 97,216,023 |
شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی مجدد کارآفرینان شکست خورده مبتنی بر روش فراترکیب | ||
| فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی | ||
| دوره 16، شماره 5 (ویژه نامه) - شماره پیاپی 63، اسفند 1402، صفحه 96-115 اصل مقاله (850.48 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jed.2024.351388.654097 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مصطفی محسنی کیاسری* 1؛ زهره نیک روی2؛ جواد مشایخ3 | ||
| 1گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران | ||
| 2گروه سیاست‌‌گذاری علم و فناوری، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران | ||
| 3گروه مدیریت و مهندسی کسب‌وکار، دانشکده مدیریت، اقتصاد و مهندسی پیشرفت، دانشگاه علم‌وصنعت ایران، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف: یکی از بحرانی‌ترین رویدادهایی که یک کارآفرین می‌تواند با آن مواجه شود شکست است یعنی تعطیلی یک کسب‌وکار که حداقل درآمد اقتصادی مورد انتظار را برآورده نمی‌کند. یادگیری از تجربه شکست کارآفرینی می‌تواند فرصت‌های ارزشمندی را برای تغییر فراهم نموده و کارآفرینان را برای ورود مجدد به این عرصه ترغیب نماید. کارآفرینان می‌توانند از تجربه شکست خود بیاموزند، توانایی خود را در شناسایی و استفاده از فرصت‌ها بهبود بخشند و در نتیجه عملکرد کارآفرینی مجدد خود را ارتقا دهند. تحقیقات در مورد عملکرد کارآفرینی عمدتاً بر کارآفرینی بار اول متمرکز است و به کارآفرینانی که تجارب کارآفرینی دارند و پس از شکست اقدام به راه‌اندازی کسب کاری جدید می‌کنند، توجه کمتری شده‌است. تحقیقات موجود در زمینه کارآفرینی ارزش تحقیقاتی سناریوهای شکست را نادیده می‌گیرند ولی به نظر می‌رسد که چگونگی تبدیل شکست به «منبع موفقیت» موضوع ارزشمندی است که پاسخ روشن به این سؤال برای تحریک و محافظت از اشتیاق کارآفرینان، بهبود احتمال موفقیت در کارآفرینی و ترویج کارآفرینی مستمر مفید است. این موضوع به‌صورت پراکنده مورد توجه محققان مختلف قرار گرفته اما تاکنون الگویی جامع برای دسته‌بندی این عوامل ارائه نشده است. هدف از این پژوهش شناسایی و دسته‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی مجدد کارآفرینان شکست‌خورده با رویکردی کیفی است. لذا سؤال اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی مجدد کارآفرینان شکست‌خورده چه مواردی هستند؟ روش: مقاله حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر نوع داده‌ها، کیفی است که با روش تحقیق کتابخانه‌ای با استفاده از داده‌های ثانویه با رویکرد فراترکیب و مبتنی بر مطالعه منابع اطلاعاتی و تفسیر داده‌های اصلی مطالعه‌های منتخب انجام شده است. برای انجام این پژوهش، با مبنا قرار دادن روش پیشنهادی ساندولوسکی برای فراترکیب، مطالعات مرتبط منتشر شده در پایگاه‌های معتبر علمی بین‌المللی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ارتباط و کیفیت مقالات شناسایی شده با معیارهای مختلف از جمله برنامه مهارت‌های ارزیابی حیاتی مورد سنجش قرار گرفته و در نهایت ۳۸ مقاله که بین سال‌های ۱۹۹۱ تا ۲۰۲۰ منتشر شده‌اند واجد شرایط تشخیص داده شده و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: تحلیل محتوای این مقالات نشان داد عوامل متعدد تأثیرگذار بر کارآفرینی مجدد را می‌توان در قالب الگویی شامل دو مقوله اصلی (سطح محیطی و سطح درونی) ارائه نمود. این عوامل در سطح محیطی در دسته‌های مرتبط با یادگیری محیطی، راهبرد و رهبری، سیاست‌ها و حمایت‌ها، سرمایه انسانی، فرهنگ، بازارها و تأمین مالی و در سطح درونی در دسته‌های مرتبط با یادگیری فردی و خودارزیابی، ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی (شخصیتی، انگیزشی و شناختی) و ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی قرار می‌گیرند. نتیجه‌گیری: ادبیات کنونی در حوزه شکست کارآفرینی تا حد زیادی با یافته‌های متناقض بی‌نتیجه باقی‌مانده است. این تناقضات لزوم تمرکز بر این حوزه برای انجام مطالعات بیشتر را نمایان می‌سازد. ادبیات موجود عمدتاً بر کاوش سوابق ورود مجدد کارآفرینی پس از شکست متمرکز است. بنابراین، درک ما در خصوص سایر جنبه‌های ورود مجدد کارآفرینی پس از شکست، مانند زمینه ورود مجدد و نتایج ورود مجدد، محدود می‌ماند. دانش بهتر در مورد سوابق، زمینه و نتایج ورود مجدد کارآفرینانه به‌طور بالقوه به کارآفرینان شکست‌خورده کمک می‌کند تا در رویکرد خود نسبت به تصمیم‌گیری برای ورود مجدد تغییرات چشمگیری ایجاد کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شکست کارآفرین؛ یادگیری کارآفرینی؛ کارآفرینی مجدد؛ ورود مجدد کارآفرین؛ اکوسیستم کارآفرینی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Meta-Synthesis on Determinants of Re-entrepreneurship by Failed Entrepreneurs | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mostafa Mohseni kiasari1؛ zohre nikrouy2؛ Javad Mashayekh3 | ||
| 1Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant professor, School of Management, Economics and Progress Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Objective: One of the most critical challenges that an entrepreneur may encounter is failure, resulting in the closure of a business that fails to meet the expected financial goals. Learning from the experience of entrepreneurial failure can offer valuable opportunities for change and motivate entrepreneurs to re-enter the industry. Entrepreneurs can learn from their failures, enhance their ability to recognize and pursue opportunities, and consequently improve their performance when re-entering entrepreneurship. Research on entrepreneurial performance has primarily focused on first-time entrepreneurship, with less attention given to entrepreneurs with prior entrepreneurial experience who start a new business after a setback. Existing research in the field of entrepreneurship overlooks the significance of investigating failure scenarios, but turning failure into a "springboard for success" is a valuable topic that can inspire and support the enthusiasm of entrepreneurs, increase the likelihood of success in entrepreneurship, and encourage ongoing entrepreneurial endeavors. This topic has received sporadic attention from various researchers, but a comprehensive framework for categorizing these factors has not yet been provided. The aim of this study is to identify and categorize the factors influencing the re-entrepreneurship of failed entrepreneurs using a qualitative approach. Therefore, the primary question of this research is: What are the determinants of re-entrepreneurship by failed entrepreneurs? Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose, and utilizes a library research method that relies on secondary data. The approach to the study of primary data is comprehensive and interpretive. The Sandelowski's meta-synthesis method was employed to carry out this research, and relevant studies from reputable international scientific databases were reviewed. The quality of the identified articles was assessed using various criteria, including the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Ultimately, 38 articles published between 1991 and 2020 that met the criteria were identified and analyzed. Findings: Content analysis of these articles revealed that the factors influencing re-entrepreneurship can be categorized into two main components: environmental and internal levels. At the environmental level, these factors include environmental learning, strategy and leadership, policies and support, human capital, culture, markets, and financing. At the internal level, they include individual learning and self-assessment, psychological characteristics (personality, motivational, and cognitive), and demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Current literature on entrepreneurial failure is inconclusive and contradictory, emphasizing the need for further research. Existing studies mainly examine the re-entry experiences of entrepreneurs after failure, leaving other aspects of re-entry, such as context and outcomes, poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the experiences, context, and outcomes of entrepreneurial re-entry could help failed entrepreneurs make significant changes in their approach to re-entry decision-making | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Entrepreneurial ecosystem, Entrepreneurial failure, Entrepreneurship learning, Re-entrepreneurship, Re-entry of entrepreneurs | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Amaral, A. M., Baptista, R., & Lima, F. (2011). Serial entrepreneurship: impact of human capital on time to re-entry. Small Business Economics, 37(1), 1–21. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41486113 Arasti, Z., Zandi, F., & Bahmani, N. (2014). Business failure factors in Iranian SMEs: Do successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs have different viewpoints? Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-014-0010-7 Atsan, N. (2016). Failure Experiences of Entrepreneurs: Causes and Learning Outcomes. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 435–442. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.054 Baù, M., Sieger, P., Eddleston, K. A., & Chirico, F. (2017). Fail but Try Again? The Effects of Age, Gender, and Multiple–Owner Experience on Failed Entrepreneurs’ Reentry. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(6), 909–941. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12233 Behrens, J., & Patzelt, H. (2016). Corporate Entrepreneurship Managers’ Project Terminations: Integrating Portfolio–Level, Individual–Level, and Firm–Level Effects. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(4), 815–842. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12147 Brownlow, G. (2015). Back to the failure: an analytic narrative of the De Lorean debacle. Business History, 57(1), 156–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2014.977 Cardon, M. S., Gregoire, D. A., Stevens, C. E., & Patel, P. C. (2013). Measuring entrepreneurial passion: Conceptual foundations and scale validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 373–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.003 Cepec, J., & Grajzl, P. (2021). Management turnover, ownership change, and post-bankruptcy failure of small businesses. Small Business Economics, 57(1), 555–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00325- Chakrabarty, S., & Bass, A. E. (2013). Encouraging entrepreneurship: Microfinance, knowledge support, and the costs of operating in institutional voids. Thunderbird International Business Review, 55(5), 545–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21569 Coleman, D. C. (1987). Failings and Achievements: Some British Businesses, 1910–80. Business History, 29(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076798700000078 Cope, J. (2005). Toward a Dynamic Learning Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 373–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00090.x Cope, J. (2011). Entrepreneurial learning from failure: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(6), 604–623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.06.002 Costa, P. L., Ferreira, J. J., & Torres de Oliveira, R. (2023). From entrepreneurial failure to re-entry. Journal of Business Research, 158, 113699. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113699 Davari, A., Sefidbari, L., & Baghersad, V. (2017). The factors of entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iran Based on Isenberg’s Model. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 10(1), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2017.62306 [In Persian] Decker-Lange, C., & Mellewigt, T. (2007). Thirty Years After Michael E. Porter: What Do We Know About Business Exit? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2007.25356511 DeTienne, D. R. (2010). Entrepreneurial exit as a critical component of the entrepreneurial process: Theoretical development. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.05.004 Eggers, J. P., & Song, L. (2014). Dealing with Failure: Serial Entrepreneurs and the Costs of Changing Industries Between Ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 58(6), 1785–1803. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0050 Engel, Y., Noordijk, S., Spoelder, A., & Gelderen, M. (2019). Self-Compassion When Coping With Venture Obstacles: Loving-Kindness Meditation and Entrepreneurial Fear of Failure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45, 104225871989099. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719890991 Espinoza, J., & Díaz, D. (2019). The entrepreneurial profile after failure. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2018-0242 Finfgeld-Connett, D. (2018). A Guide to Qualitative Meta-synthesis (1st ed.). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351212793 Ghadiri Masoum, M., Motiee Langroodi, S. H., Mohammad Reza, Z., & Gholami, A. (2020). Identifying and analyzing the roles and elements of an entrepreneurship ecosystem with a documentary approach. Human Geography Research, 52(3), 1083–1102. https://doi.org/10.22059/jhgr.2019.260342.1007726 [In Persian] Gooberman, L. (2020). Business failure in an age of globalisation: Interpreting the rise and fall of the LG project in Wales, 1995–2006. Business History, 62(2), 240–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2018.1426748 Guerrero, M., & Espinoza, J. (2021). Does entrepreneurship ecosystem influence business re-entries after failure? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00694-7 Heinze, I. (2013). Entrepreneur sense-making of business failure. Small Enterprise Research, 20, 21–39. https://doi.org/10.5172/ser.2013.20.1.21 Hohen, S., & Schweizer, L. (2021). Entrepreneurs’ Exit Strategy Intentions and Their Final Exit Paths. Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41471-021-00123-7 Hoon, C. (2013). Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Case Studies An Approach to Theory Building. Organizational Research Methods, 16, 522–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428113484969 Hsu, D., Wiklund, J., & Cotton, R. (2017). Success, Failure, and Entrepreneurial Reentry: An Experimental Assessment of the Veracity of Self-Efficacy and Prospect Theory. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 41, 19–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12166 Isenberg, D. (2011). The Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Strategy as a New Paradigm for Economic Policy: Principles for Cultivating Entrepreneurship. Institute of International and European Affairs. https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2787987 Jenkins, A. S., Wiklund, J., & Brundin, E. (2014). Individual responses to firm failure: Appraisals, grief, and the influence of prior failure experience. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.10.006 Karimi, A., Mollaei, M. H., Mohammadian, B., & Zargaran Khouzani, F. (2021). The Impact of Business Failure Experience and Learning from Failure on New Venture Performance of Entrepreneur - Case Study of Qom Province. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 14(2), 281–299.https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2021.317684.653588 [In Persian] Kerr, W. R., & Nanda, R. (2009). Democratizing entry: Banking deregulations, financing constraints, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(1), 124–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.12.003 Khelil, N. (2016). The many faces of entrepreneurial failure: Insights from an empirical taxonomy. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(1), 72–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.08.001 Lafontaine, F., & Shaw, K. (2016). Serial Entrepreneurship: Learning by Doing? Journal of Labor Economics, 34, S000–S000. https://doi.org/10.1086/683820 Larson, C. M., & Clute, R. C. (1979). The Failure Syndrome. American Journal of Small Business, 4(2), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225877900400204 Lee, J. Y., Jiménez, A., & Devinney, T. M. (2020). Learning in SME Internationalization: A New Perspective on Learning From Success versus Failure. Management International Review, 60(4), 485–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-020-00422-x Li, J. (2020). Research on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Learning and Re-Entrepreneurial Performance under Failure Situations. International Conference on Economic Development and Education Innovation. https://doi.org/10.23977/EDEI2020.003 Lin, S., & Wang, S. (2019). How does the age of serial entrepreneurs influence their re-venture speed after a business failure? Small Business Economics, 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9977-0 Lin, S., Yamakawa, Y., & Li, J. (2019). Emergent learning and change in strategy: empirical study of Chinese serial entrepreneurs with failure experience. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(3), 773–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0554-z Mayr, S., Mitter, C., Kücher, A., & Duller, C. (2020). Entrepreneur characteristics and differences in reasons for business failure: evidence from bankrupt Austrian SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1786647 McGrath, R. G. (1999). Falling forward: Real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure. Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.1580438 Minniti, M., & Bygrave, W. (2001). A Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Learning. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(3), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870102500301 Moghimi, S. M., Vakili, Y., & Akbari, M. (2017). Theories of Entrepreneurship (3rd edition). [In Persian] Peng, M. W., Yamakawa, Y., & Lee, S.-H. (2010). Bankruptcy laws and entrepreneur–friendliness. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(3), 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00350.x Rocha, V., Carneiro, A., & Amorim Varum, C. (2015). Serial entrepreneurship, learning by doing and self-selection. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 40, 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.04.001 Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2007). Handbook for Synthesizing Qualitative Research. In Springer Publishing Company (Vol. 39, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20080101-07 Sarkar, S., & Mateus, S. (2022). Value creation using minimal resources – A meta-synthesis of frugal innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121612 Scazziota, V., Serra, F., Sarkar, S., & Guerrazzi, L. (2023). The antecedents of entrepreneurial action: A meta-synthesis on effectuation and bricolage. Journal of Business Research, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113411 Shane, S. (2004). A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Edward Elgar. Shepherd, D. A. (2003). Learning from Business Failure: Propositions of Grief Recovery for the Self-Employed. The Academy of Management Review, 28(2), 318. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040715 Shepherd, D. A., Covin, J. G., & Kuratko, D. F. (2009). Project failure from corporate entrepreneurship: Managing the grief process. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(6), 588–600. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.01.009 Simmons, S. A., Wiklund, J., Levie, J., Bradley, S. W., & Sunny, S. A. (2019). Gender gaps and reentry into entrepreneurial ecosystems after business failure. Small Business Economics, 53(2), 517–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9998-3 Singh, S., Corner, P., & Pavlovich, K. (2007). Coping with entrepreneurial failure. Journal of Management & Organization, 14, 331–344. https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2007.13.4.331 Sufrin, S. C., & Swinyard, A. W. (1956). Why Businesses Fail. Challenge, 4(4), 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/05775132.1956.11468203 Tipu, S. A. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial reentry after failure: a review and future research agenda. Journal of Strategy and Management, 13(2), 198–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-08-2019-0157 Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P., Wright, M., & Flores, M. (2010). The nature of entrepreneurial experience, business failure and comparative optimism. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(6), 541–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.04.001 Valdez, J. (1988). The entrepreneurial ecosystem: Toward a theory of new business formation. Proceedings of the Small Business Institute Director’s Association, 102. Wakkee, I., & Sleebos, E. (2014). Giving second chances: the impact of personal attitudes of bankers on their willingness to provide credit to renascent entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 719–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0300-0 Wei, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, J., & Gong, Y. (2019). Research on factors affecting the entrepreneurial learning from failure: An interpretive structure model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JUN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01304 Wright, M., Robbie, K., & Ennew, C. (1997). Serial Entrepreneurs. In British Journal of Management (Vol. 8, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00064 Yamakawa, Y., & Cardon, M. S. (2015). Causal ascriptions and perceived learning from entrepreneurial failure. Small Business Economics, 44(4), 797–820. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9623-z Zimmer, L. (2006). Qualitative meta-synthesis: A question of dialoguing with texts. In Journal of Advanced Nursing (Vol. 53, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03721.x | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 535 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 254 |
||