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دعوای فاقد اثر قانونی | ||
| مطالعات حقوق خصوصی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 53، شماره 3، آبان 1402، صفحه 397-419 اصل مقاله (995.94 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jlq.2024.360980.1007777 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مصطفی السان* 1؛ احسان بهرامی2؛ سید رضا هاشمی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار، گروه حقوق تجارت بین‌الملل و حقوق مالکیت فکری و فضای مجازی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3کارشناسی ارشد، حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دعوای فاقد اثر قانونی دربرگیرندۀ مباحث متعددی است. در این میان، خاستگاه، چالش‌های شناسایی و ضمانت اجرای دعوای فاقد اثر قانونی، حلقۀ گمشدۀ ادبیات حقوقی کنونی محسوب می‌شود. ازاین‌رو در مقالۀ حاضر تلاش می‌شود با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی، مباحث یادشده بررسی شود. در پایان، نتیجه آنکه، دعوای فاقد اثر قانونی ریشه در مباحث راجع به «دعوای غیرصحیح» در موازین فقهی دارد و با اصطلاح «دعوای غیرمُلزِم» یا «دعوای غیرلازم» متفاوت است. همچنین دعوا زمانی فاقد اثر قانونی است که اولاً، ادعا (نه دعوا) بر فرض ثبوت، اثر قانونی نداشته باشد؛ ثانیاً، ادعا با توجه به خواسته اثر قانونی نداشته باشد؛ ثالثاً، خواهان نسبت به امر مؤثر در فقدان یا ترتب اثر قانونی، سکوت کرده یا نسبت به فقدان اثر قانونی اقرار کرده باشد. افزون‌بر اینها، بر خلاف دلالت مادۀ 89 قانون آیین دادرسی مدنی، ورود دادگاه به ماهیت دعوا اقتضا می‌کند حکم به بطلان دعوای فاقد اثر قانونی صادر شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ایرادات؛ بند 7 مادۀ 84 قانون آیین دادرسی مدنی؛ دعوای غیرصحیح؛ دعوای غیرلازم یا غیرمُلزِم؛ شرایط سماع دعوا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Claim Without Legal Merit | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mostafa Elsan1؛ Ehsan Bahramy2؛ Seyed Reza Hashemi3 | ||
| 1Associate Prof., Department of International Trade Law and Intellectual Property Law and Cyberspace, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2PhD Student in Private Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3MA. in Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| As Subsection 7 of Article 84 of the Iranian Civil Procedure Code states, the claim is called without legal merit when even if true, has no legal basis. For example, if ‘A’ pays ‘B’s debt to ‘C’ without ‘B’s permission, ‘A’s claim against ‘B’ to recover the payment is without legal merit; Because even if true, ‘A’ may not legally recover the payment from ‘B’. Although valuable studies about claims without legal merit have been done so far, the blank of some topics related to claims without legal merit is still felt in Iranian law: Firstly, there has not been a proper analysis of the origin of the claim without legal merit. Second, there are important challenges in identifying claims without legal merit that have not been studied so far. One of these challenges is whether the remedy sought has a role in considering a claim without merit or not. The other challenge is whether the plaintiff’s acknowledgment has a role in considering a claim without merit or not. Third, According to Article 89 of the Civil Procedure Code, dismissal is the sanction of filing a claim without legal merit. However, considering the court's entry into the substance of the claim to recognize the claim as having no legal merit, is this sanction appropriate for the Iranian legal system or not? The lack of research on these topics has prompted the authors to write this paper. At the end of this paper, which is written with a descriptive-analytical method and by referring to library sources, the following results are presented: The claim without legal merit has significant records in Shia jurisprudence. In this realm, one of the conditions of admissibility of the lawsuit is that the claim must have a legal merit. An “invalid claim” is a term that is considered equivalent to a claim without legal merit. In addition to the term “invalid claim”, “non-enforceable claim” is also considered in Shia jurisprudence. According to this term, if the legal relationship between the parties is something that the defendant may terminate at any moment, such as a revocable contract, the court is faced with a non-enforceable claim. In contrast to an invalid claim, a non-enforceable claim has a legal merit. In this claim, the court may bind the defendant and issue an award against him, but the defendant may prevent the award by revoking the contract. Therefore, there is a significant difference between invalid and non-enforceable claims, and the latter must be heard unlike the former. The claim is called without legal merit when even if true, considering the “remedy sought”, has no legal basis. Therefore, as an example, if the plaintiff claims that only the offer and acceptance of the donation were made between him and the defendant (without pointing to the delivery which is one of the elements of the formation of the donation), but the remedy sought is the termination of the contract in which the donation is a condition of that, it should be said that the claim even if true, has a legal merit. Although most of the jurists have linked the claim without legal merit to the plaintiff's acknowledgment of the lack of legal merit, if the plaintiff has remained silent regarding the lack of legal merit, we still face a claim without legal merit. According to Article 89 of the Civil Procedure Code, dismissal is the sanction of filing a claim without legal merit. However, the close relationship between the lack of legal merit and the substance of the claim requires the issuance of a judgment as a proper sanction of the claim without legal merit. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Conditions of Admissibility, Invalid Claim, Non-enforceable Claim, Procedural Pleas, Subsection 7 of Article 84 of the Civil Procedure Code | ||
| مراجع | ||
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منابع
DOI: 10.22059/JLQ.2020.260665.1007058
DOI: 10.22106/JLJ.2017.25906
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