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تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در مراتع دارای باطله های متروک زغال سنگ در یک دوره زمانی ده ساله | ||
| نشریه علمی - پژوهشی مرتع و آبخیزداری | ||
| دوره 76، شماره 4، بهمن 1402، صفحه 389-404 اصل مقاله (681.6 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrwm.2023.360593.1711 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جمشید قربانی* ؛ ناطق لشکری صنمی | ||
| گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در مراتعی که مورد برداشت زغال‌سنگ قرار دارند انباشتی از باطله‌ها وجود دارد که در طی زمان گیاهان مرتعی بر روی آنها مستقر می‌شوند. مطالعه تغییرات گیاهی به منظور مدیریت و احیاء این باطله‌ها اهمیت دارد. در این تحقیق چگونگی تغییرات پوشش گیاهان مرتعی بر روی باطله‌های زغال‌سنگ پس از گذشت 10 سال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش سه باطله زغال سنگ که 20 تا 30 سال از رهاسازی آنها گذشته بود در بخشی از معادن منطقه کارمزد در شهرستان سوادکوه استان مازندران مطالعه شدند. نمونه‌گیری پوشش گیاهی شامل برآورد درصد تاج پوشش در پلات‌های یک مترمربعی بوده که در سال 1391 و 1401 انجام شد. ترکیب پوشش گیاهی، گروه‌های کارکردی و شاخص‌های تنوع و غنا بین دو سال مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با گذشت 10 سال تغییراتی در ترکیب پوشش گیاهی و گروه‌های گیاهی اتفاق افتاد. برخی گونه‌های گیاهی حذف و گیاهان نوظهوری مشاهده شدند. با گذشت زمان، درصد تاج پوشش گونه‌هایBromus briziformis و Melica persica افزایش معنی‌دار و برای گونه Hordeum vulgare کاهش معنی‌دار مشاهده شد. تاج پوشش گیاهان یکساله و چندساله افزایش 28/35 و 19/46 درصد داشتند. میانگین درصد تاج پوشش گندمیان، پهن‌برگان علفی و گیاهان بوته‌ای با گذشت زمان افزایش معنی‌دار نشان دادند. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که طی روند تغییرات پوشش گیاهی شاخص‌های تنوع و غنا به طور معنی‌داری بهبود یافتند. تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در این دوره ده ساله تحت تآثیر سن باطله‌ها قرار نگرفته است. به منظور تسریع پویایی گیاهی و کاهش اثرات منفی باطله‌ها به محیط اطراف توصیه می‌شود تا از روش‌های احیاء و گیاهانی در منطقه که دارای قدرت گیاه‌پالایی هستند استفاده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آشیان بوم‌شناختی؛ احیاء؛ باطله معدنی؛ پویایی گیاهی؛ معدنکاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Vegetation changes in rangelands with abandoned coal-waste dumps during a 10-year period | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Jamshid Ghorbani؛ Nateq Lashkari Sanami | ||
| Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background: Coal mining in rangelands accounts for a considerable amount of waste dumps that can be colonized by local plants over time. A thorough understanding of vegetation changes plays a key role in the management and restoration of such ecosystems. Aim: This study aimed to assess the rangeland plant changes during 10 years on coal-waste dumps. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on three coal-waste dumps which were abandoned between 20 and 30 years in Karmozd mines in Savadkoh County, Mazandaran Province. Vegetation sampling was done in 2012 and 2022, estimating the cover percentage of all species in each 1 m2 plot. Species composition, functional groups, and species richness and diversity were compared between the two years. Results: Results showed changes in species composition and plant groups after 10 years. Some species were not found in 2022 while some new species were detected. The cover percentage of Bromus briziformis and Melica persica significantly increased but Hordeum vulgare was found to significantly decrease. The cover percentage of annuals and perennials significantly increased by 35.28% and 46.19%, respectively. Over the time, the cover percentage of grasses, forbs, and shrubs significantly increased. The results of ANOVA indicated a significant increase in species richness and diversity. Conclusion: Vegetation changes during this period have not been affected by age of each dump since abandonment. Restoration treatments and plant species with phytoremediation potential are recommended to accelerate vegetation dynamics and reduce the consequences of coal-waste dump on the surrounding environment. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Coal mine, Ecological niche, Mining, Plant dynamics, Restoration | ||
| مراجع | ||
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