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نیازسنجی و اولویت‌بندی نیازهای اجتماعات محلی با رویکرد ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی (موردمطالعه: روستاهای شهرستان ملکشاهی، استان ایلام) | ||
| پژوهشهای روستائی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 10 اسفند 1402 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله برگرفته از طرح پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jrur.2024.344068.1849 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسین حیدری* 1؛ احمد شکیبا1؛ جواد مداحی2؛ سعید کبیری3؛ اسماعیل جهانی دولت آباد4 | ||
| 1عضو هیات علمی پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاددانشگاهی | ||
| 2پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاددانشگاهی | ||
| 3عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی | ||
| 4عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از اهداف اصلی برنامه‌های توسعه روستایی، توانمندسازی اجتماعات روستایی و حل مشکلات این اجتماعات از طریق امکانات و ظرفیت‌های اجتماع محلی است. برای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار روستایی و پذیرش آن از سوی اجتماع محلی توجه به نیازهای واقعی آنها از اهمیت اساسی برخوردار است. در این مقاله تلاش شده است تا نیازهای روستاهای شهرستان ملکشاهی از دید اجتماع محلی شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی شود. میدان مطالعه شامل همه 27 روستای شهرستان ملکشاهی است. روش پژوهش کیفی و نیازسنجی مشارکتی و تکینک مورد استفاده جلسات گروه‌های کانونی است. تلاش شده است با برگزاری جلسات گروهی کانونی حداقل 5 نفره و بیشتر و درگیر کردن گروه‌ها و اقشار مختلف ساکنان روستاها، نیازهای اساسی آنان از دید اجتماع محلی شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی شود. یافته‌ها نشان داد چهار نیاز پوشش تلفن همراه و اینترنت همراه، کار و اشتغال، تامین آب شرب با کیفیت و لوله کشی آب و ایجاد زیرساخت‌های آموزشی برای تحصیل کودکان مهم‌ترین نیازهای روستاهای شهرستان ملکشاهی از نظر اجتماع محلی است. نتایج نشان داد نیازهای اجتماعات محلی بیشتر از جنس زیرساختی و معطوف به نهادهای دولتی است و اجتماع محلی با سلب مسئولیت از خود و تحمیل آن بر نهادهای دولتی، انتظار دارد این نهادها نسبت به رفع این نیازها اقدام نمایند. ریشه این مسئله را می‌توان در تمرکزگرایی اداری سیاسی در کشور و تضعیف سلسله مراتب اجتماعی سنتی و سهم ناچیز دینفعان محلی در مدیریت محلی پیگیری کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| نیازسنجی مشارکتی؛ اولویت‌بندی نیازها؛ ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی؛ شهرستان ملکشاهی؛ ایلام | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Needs assessment and prioritization of the needs of local communities with rural participatory appraisal approach (case study: Malekshahi county, Ilam) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| hossein heidari1؛ ahmad shakiba1؛ Javad Maddahi2؛ Saeed Kabiri3؛ Esmaeil Jahani Dolatabad4 | ||
| 1Faculty Member of Institute for humanities and social studies | ||
| 2ACECR | ||
| 3ACECR | ||
| 4Mohaghegh Ardabili University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| 1. Introduction Nowadays, the participation of villagers in rural development programs is considered one of the fundamental principles of planning in rural areas and helps to overcome the limitations of centralized planning. In order to increase the success rate of development programs, it is important to identify the real needs and demands of local communities and take them into consideration when developing programs. Participatory Needs Assessment (PNA) aims to identify the needs of rural communities by actively involving local residents and communities, prioritizing them, and proposing suitable action plans to address them. PNA is used in various fields, including identifying service needs, infrastructure, employment, health, and in different societies ranging from urban to rural. This research focuses on using PNA and prioritization of needs in identifying and categorizing the main needs of the villages in Malekshahi County as perceived by the local community. 2. Methodology The research methodology used in this study is Participatory Needs Assessment, which is a step in the Rural Participatory Appraisal method. The focus group meeting technique was utilized to collect data for this study. The data collection took place between 1398-1400. All meetings were conducted in villages, with attendance ranging from 5 to 30 people depending on the population of the village. Researchers made an effort to ensure that the attendees represented different sections of the village, such as women, farmers, herdsmen, youths, workers, elders, council members, and other villagers. After completing the meetings and determining the priorities of each village, the identified needs were aggregated based on their importance and priority to arrive at the needs of the villages in Malekshahi county. 3. Results The top three needs of the villagers in Malekshahi are providing access to clean drinking water, improving the conditions and opportunities for employment, and enhancing mobile phone and mobile internet coverage while solving related issues. Following these, the priorities include supplying domestic and piped gas to the villages, providing agricultural water, repairing and asphalting rural roads connecting to the main road, implementing the Hadi project, upgrading agricultural and livestock facilities, and constructing a health center. The third tier of priority needs include facilities for constructing animal shelters, asphalting alleys and roads, providing sports spaces for both men and women, repairing and restoring roads connecting farms, constructing and/or repairing religious places, leveling agricultural land, and constructing a bridge over the river. In addition, creating housing facilities, offering waste transportation and disposal services, building green spaces and parks, establishing a bakery in the village, resolving electricity outages, providing security and preventing theft, providing mechanized equipment, agricultural inputs, marketing and sales services, and constructing dams for gardens (which are common in fewer villages) were some of the identified needs. Based on the local community's perspective, financial facilities, construction and infrastructure, public services, and the agricultural sector's needs are the four top priority areas. The four most common needs across more than ten villages include mobile phone and mobile internet coverage, creating employment opportunities, providing access to quality drinking water, and building educational infrastructure to support children's education. 4. Discussion From the local community's perspective, four categories of needs have high priority: financial needs and facilities, construction and infrastructure needs, public services, and agricultural needs. The four most important needs of the villages in Malekshahi are mobile phone coverage and mobile internet, employment opportunities, access to quality drinking water and piped water, and creating educational infrastructure for children's education. Overall, mobile phone coverage in Malekshahi county is very poor, and even in Erkowaz city, making a simple call is tedious and painful, while using mobile internet is very difficult. The second priority identified by the local community is creating employment opportunities in the villages. Dependence on traditional and pasture-based livestock farming, as well as the nomadic nature of a significant part of livestock farmers and, as a result, the people of the city, have caused the youth to have low aspiration towards this way of life. The rocky and mountainous region with limited land suitable for agriculture has caused unemployment to be extremely high in the villages. Moreover, due to the lack of water or the very low quality of water caused by salinity in many villages, daily life in those villages has become a problem. The dispersion of villages, low population density, hilly terrain, and high altitude compared to Ilam's Dam are among the factors that have hampered construction operations for water transfer and drinking water supply. Creating suitable infrastructure for children's education is also a pressing need for the villages in Malekshahi, which is a high priority for the local community. The high average age of the villages, low number of young people, and small household sizes have caused villages with low populations to struggle with providing adequate education to children. 5. Conclusion The results revealed that the local community's most important needs are infrastructure needs and financial resources. Although this statement holds significant truth, to prioritize the community's basic needs related to their livelihoods, issues like the destruction of pastures, water resources, oak forests, and the environment should have a higher priority. Due to the accumulation of infrastructural needs, the local community has low trust in governmental institutions, and the community itself does not take serious actions for resolving their problems, despite the potential and capacity to do so. However, a significant portion of these needs can be addressed by the local community itself. The extreme centralization of the political administration and the development of administrative and managerial hierarchies from the national level to the village level have caused the degradation and destruction of traditional institutions of local management, such as the ineffectiveness of the role of tribal hierarchies in resolving the problems of the local community and the diminution of the role of the beard, white men, and local trustees in local management. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Participatory Needs assessment, Prioritization of Needs, Rural Participatory appraisal, Malekshahi County, Ilam | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 56 |
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