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پایش خشکیدگی درختان شاخه‌زاد بلوط و اثر آن بر مشخصه‌های برگ و میوه در جنگل‌های زاگرس (پیرانشهر، استان آذربایجان‌غربی) | ||
| نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب | ||
| دوره 76، شماره 4، اسفند 1402، صفحه 329-339 اصل مقاله (909.59 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jfwp.2024.370039.1273 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| جلال هناره* 1؛ حسن جهانبازی گوجانی2؛ مهدی پورهاشمی3؛ زهرا هاشمی خبیر1 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران. | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسـی وضعیت خشکیدگی درختان بلوط (Quercus infectoria و Q. libani) جنگل‌های زاگـرس شمالی در استان آذربایجان‌غربی انجام شد. در این راستا، مشخصه‌های کمی و کیفی توده در قطعه‌نمونة یک هکتاری با ابعاد 100 در 100 متر اندازهگیری و بررسی شدند. در درون قطعه‌نمونة فوق، یک قطعه‌نمونه با سطح شناور به‌صورتی که 100 پایة بلوط در آن قرار بگیرد، برای پایش خشکیدگی درختان پیاده شد. پایش خشکیدگی درختان طی یک دورة چهار‌ساله (1401-1398) در 5 طبقه زوال (1- سالم، 2- سرخشکیدگی تاج، 3- خشکیدگی تاج کمتر از 50 درصد، 4- خشکیدگی تاج بیشتر از 50 درصد و 5- درختان قطع شده)، انجام شد. برای بررسی ارتباط سطح برگ، ابعاد و وزن میوه درختان بلوط در مراحل زوال، در طی سه سال (1400-1398)، هر سال از پنج درخت ثابت، 20 برگ و 25 میوه برداشت گردید و ابعاد و وزن آن‌ها اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد تعداد درختان سالم بین سال‌های 1398 تا 1401 از 94 درصد به 71 درصد کاهش یافته و نه درصد از پایه‌ها در انتهای دورة پایش، قطع شده بودند. نتایج محاسبة میانگین سطح برگ در طول سه سال، روند کاهشی و تفاوت معنی‌داری را نشان داد. به‌جز وزن میوه، سایر ابعاد مورد بررسی در میوه نیز در طول سال‌های پایش، روند کاهشی معنی‌داری را نشان دادند. علی‌‌رغم عدم آلودگی جنگل‌های استان به بیماری زغالی بلوط، متأسفانه روند کاهش درختان سالم و افزایش درختان دارای سطوح مختلف خشکیدگی بسیار نگران‌کننده است. به‌این دلیل، افزایش حفاظت و کاهش عوامل تخریب در این جنگل‌ها باید تشدید گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بلوط؛ پیرانشهر؛ زاگرس شمالی؛ زوال | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Monitoring the dieback of oak trees and its effect on leaf and acorn characteristics in the Zagros forests of Piranshahr, West Azerbaijan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Jalal Henareh1؛ Hassan Jahanbazi Goujani2؛ Mehdi Pourhashemi3؛ Zahra Hashemi Khabir1 | ||
| 1Forests and Rangelands Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Urmia, Iran. | ||
| 2orests and Rangelands Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran. | ||
| 3Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agriculture, Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research was designed to investigate the dieback of oak (Quercus infectoria; Q. libani) trees in the northern Zagros forests in West Azerbaijan Province. Characteristics of the stand were investigated in a one-hectare sample plot with dimensions of 100 × 100 meters. To monitor dieback, inside the sample, a sub-plot with a floating surface was determined where 100 oak trees could be placed. The dieback was monitored over four years (2019-2022) using a five-level scale: 1) healthy, 2) dieback, 3) crown dieback up to 50%, 4) crown dieback exceeding 50%, and 5) tree cut down. The results showed a decrease in the number of healthy trees from 94% to 71% between 2019 and 2022, with 9% of trees ultimately being cut down. To investigate the relationship between leaf surface and the dimensions and weight of seeds of trees, 20 leaves were selected from five permanent trees, and their surface was calculated annually for three years (2019-2021). Additionally, 25 seeds were harvested, and the dimensions and weight of the seeds were determined annually. The results of calculating the average leaf area over three years showed a significant decreasing trend. Except for seed weight, other dimensions in the seed showed a significant decreasing trend during the monitoring years. Overall, the results showed that despite the absence of oak charcoal disease in the province, the trend of decreasing healthy trees and increasing trees with different levels of dieback is very worrying. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Decline, Oak, Piranshahr, Northern Zagros | ||
| مراجع | ||
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