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Exploration of the Reasons for the Collapse of Pahlavi II Government (1320-1357 SH): An Analysis from the Perspective of the Destabilizing State Theory | ||
| Contemporary Researches on Islamic Revolution | ||
| دوره 6، شماره 20، شهریور 2024، صفحه 92-67 اصل مقاله (490.15 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Science - Research | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jcrir.2024.363912.1542 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Behzad Ghasemi* 1؛ Bahador Shahriary2 | ||
| 1Asociate Professor of Islamic Revolution History, Faculty and Research Institute of International Studies, Imam Hussein University | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of History, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Imam Hussein University | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The present study aims to explore and explain the collapse of Pahlavi II using the destabilizing state theory. The reasons for the collapse of the said government have been analyzed based on historical documents and the destabilizing state theory. The paper portrays the subject by scrutinizing historical reasons and evidence found in credible sources. The fundamental issue is the identification of factors and explaining their role in the collapse. The indicators of the destabilizing state theory have been used to examine and explain various historical data. This research, based on library sources, memoirs, documents, and newspapers, and a descriptive-analytical qualitative method, aims to answer the question of ‘Which variables involved in the collapse of the Pahlavi II government are based on the destabilizing state theory and why did the Pahlavi government collapse?’ The results indicated that the variables involved in the collapse of the Pahlavi regime include: Legitimacy crisis, inefficiency in providing public services, law evasion accompanied by violence, coercion and suppression, infiltration of the SAVAK security forces, foreign interventions, especially by the United States, demographic pressure, migration from villages to cities and particularly to Tehran, superiority and decisiveness of revolutionary forces, undeveloped economic structure, rapid and erratic economic growth, and financial corruption. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Collapse؛ Pahlavi II Government؛ Destabilizing State؛ Legitimacy Crisis؛ American Intervention؛ Financial Corruption | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| واکاوی چرایی فروپاشی حکومت پهلوی دوم(1357 – 1320ش) از منظر نظریه دولت شکننده | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| بهزاد قاسمی1؛ بهادر شهریاری2 | ||
| 1دانشیار تاریخ انقلاب اسلامی و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه جامع امام حسین‌علیه السلام، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع) | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| هدف نوشتار تبیین فروپاشی سلطنت پهلوی با استفاده از نظریه دولت شکننده می باشد. علل فروپاشی دولتِ مزبور با تکیه بر مستندات تاریخی و نظریه دولت شکننده تحلیل شده است. مقاله با تدقیقِ دلایل تاریخی و شواهد موجود در منابع معتبر موضوع را بازنمایی کرده است. مسئله اساسی، شناسایی عوامل و تبیین نقش آنها در فروپاشی می باشد. از شاخصهای دوازدهگانهی نظریه دولت شکننده برای سامان دهی و تبیین دادههای متنوع تاریخی، استفاده شده است. این تحقیق با استناد به منابع کتابخانه ای، خاطرات، اسناد و روزنامه ها و روش توصیفی – تحلیلی از نوع کیفی تدوین شده و در پی پاسخ به این سوال است که متغییرهای دخیل در فروپاشی دولت پهلوی دوم مبتنی بر نظریه دولت شکننده کدامند و چگونه به فروپاشی حکومت انجامید؟ نتایج مقاله نشان از آن دارد که متغییرهای دخیل در فروپاشی دودمان پهلوی شامل: بحران مشروعیت، ناکارآمدی در ارائه خدمات عمومی، قانون گریزی همراه با خشونت، زور و سرکوب، نفوذ نیروی امنیتی ساواک، مداخلات خارجی علی الخصوص آمریکا، فشار جمعیتی، مهاجرت از روستاها به شهرها و به ویژه شهر تهران، وجود گروههای انتقام جو و ایجاد رعب و وحشت در دل شاه، توسعه ناموزون اقتصادی، رشد سریع و مقطعی اقتصاد و فساد مالی است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| "فروپاشی", "دولت پهلوی دوم", "دولت شکننده", "بحران مشروعیت", "مداخله آمریکا", "فساد مالی | ||
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