Impact of surgical face masks on athletic performance in adolescent handball players

Shahgholoian, Fatemeh; Jafari, Akram

doi:10.22059/sshr.2024.373788.1129

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	Impact of surgical face masks on athletic performance in adolescent handball players
Sport Sciences and Health Research
دوره 16، شماره 1، فروردین 2024، صفحه 85-94 اصل مقاله (430.48 K)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/sshr.2024.373788.1129
نویسندگان
Fatemeh Shahgholoian¹؛ Akram Jafari^* ²
¹Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
²Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده
Background: COVID-19 transmission in team sports is common, but it's uncertain if face masks impact handball players' performance. Aim: This study investigated the effects of wearing surgical face masks during handball exercise for four weeks on athletic performance. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four adolescent handball female players and 17 trained females as the control group were selected in this study. Players were divided into two groups: the mask group (n= 17; age: 12.63±0.67 years, BMI: 20.61±1.19 kg/m²) and the unmasked group (n= 17; age: 13.45± 1.03 years, BMI: 21.08±1.46 kg/m²), who underwent 4-week training with and without face masks, respectively. Performance tests were conducted before and after the training program, which include: countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), 10m, 20m, and 30m sprint, medicine ball throw, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-YoIRT1). Results: After four weeks, both mask and unmasked groups showed significant improvements in CMJ, SJ, 10m, 20m, and 30m sprint, medicine ball throw, and Yo-YoIRT1 (P≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that adolescent handball players can safely use face masks during physical activity without experiencing negative effects on their athletic performance.
کلیدواژه‌ها
athletic performance؛ COVID-19؛ pandemic؛ team sport؛ youth sports

مراجع
[1] Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. "COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities". Clinica Chimica Acta. 2020; 508: 254-66. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.044. [2] Atrubin D, Wiese M, Bohinc B. "An outbreak of COVID-19 associated with a recreational hockey game-Florida, June 2020". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020; 69(41): 1492. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6941a4. [3] Kuitunen I, Uimonen MM, Ponkilainen VT. "Team-to-team transmission of COVID-19 in ice hockey games–a case series of players in Finnish ice hockey leagues". Infectious Diseases. 2021; 53(3): 201-5. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1866772. [4] Sanderson J, Brown K. "COVID-19 and youth sports: Psychological, developmental, and economic impacts". International Journal of Sport Communication. 2020; 13(3): 313-23. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302232. [5] Howard J, Huang A, Li Z, Tufekci Z, Zdimal V, Van Der Westhuizen HM, et al. "An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021; 118(4): e2014564118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2014564118. [6] Ökmen MŞ, Köroğlu Y, Sarikaya M. "Investigation of the effect of using surgical face masks on aerobic and anaerobic performance of Children during educational games". Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2022; 16(05): 438450 doi: 10.53350/pjmhs22165438. [7] Das A, Azarudheen S, Chandrasekaran B, Fernandes S, Davis F. "The plausible effects of wearing face masks on sports performance–A scoping review". Science & Sports. 2023. 12(6): 480-492. doi: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.12.006. [8] Schulte-Körne B, Hollmann W, Vassiliadis A, Predel HG. "Effects of surgical face masks on exercise performance and perceived exertion of exercise in well-trained healthy boys". Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946). 2021; 172(3-4): 59-62. doi: 10.1007/s10354-021-00851-9. [9] Póvoas SC, Seabra AF, Ascensão AA, Magalhães J, Soares JM, Rebelo AN. 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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24): 9485. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249485. [13] Lässing J, Falz R, Pökel C, Fikenzer S, Laufs U, Schulze A, et al. "Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise". Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1): 22363. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78643-1. [14] Epstein D, Korytny A, Isenberg Y, Marcusohn E, Zukermann R, Bishop B, et al. "Return to training in the COVID‐19 era: The physiological effects of face masks during exercise". Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; 31(1): 70-5. doi: 10.1111/sms.13832. [15] Fikenzer S, Uhe T, Lavall D, Rudolph U, Falz R, Busse M, et al. "Effects of surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity". Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2020; 109(12): 1522-30. doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01704. [16] Goh DYT, Mun MW, Lee WLJ, Teoh OH, Rajgor DD. 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"The impact of face masks on performance and physiological outcomes during exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2021; 46(7): 693-703. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0143.
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Impact of surgical face masks on athletic performance in adolescent handball players

[1] Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. "COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities". Clinica Chimica Acta. 2020; 508: 254-66. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.044.

[2] Atrubin D, Wiese M, Bohinc B. "An outbreak of COVID-19 associated with a recreational hockey game-Florida, June 2020". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020; 69(41): 1492. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6941a4.

[3] Kuitunen I, Uimonen MM, Ponkilainen VT. "Team-to-team transmission of COVID-19 in ice hockey games–a case series of players in Finnish ice hockey leagues". Infectious Diseases. 2021; 53(3): 201-5. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1866772.

[4] Sanderson J, Brown K. "COVID-19 and youth sports: Psychological, developmental, and economic impacts". International Journal of Sport Communication. 2020; 13(3): 313-23. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302232.

[5] Howard J, Huang A, Li Z, Tufekci Z, Zdimal V, Van Der Westhuizen HM, et al. "An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021; 118(4): e2014564118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2014564118.

[6] Ökmen MŞ, Köroğlu Y, Sarikaya M. "Investigation of the effect of using surgical face masks on aerobic and anaerobic performance of Children during educational games". Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2022; 16(05): 438450 doi: 10.53350/pjmhs22165438.

[7] Das A, Azarudheen S, Chandrasekaran B, Fernandes S, Davis F. "The plausible effects of wearing face masks on sports performance–A scoping review". Science & Sports. 2023. 12(6): 480-492. doi: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.12.006.

[8] Schulte-Körne B, Hollmann W, Vassiliadis A, Predel HG. "Effects of surgical face masks on exercise performance and perceived exertion of exercise in well-trained healthy boys". Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946). 2021; 172(3-4): 59-62. doi: 10.1007/s10354-021-00851-9.

[9] Póvoas SC, Seabra AF, Ascensão AA, Magalhães J, Soares JM, Rebelo AN. "Physical and physiological demands of elite team handball". The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2012; 26(12): 3365-75. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318248aeee.

[10] Krustrup P, Mohr M, Amstrup T, Rysgaard T, Johansen J, Steensberg A, et al. "The yo-yo intermittent recovery test: physiological response, reliability, and validity". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2003; 35(4): 697-705. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058441.94520.32.

[12] Danek N, Michalik K, Smolarek M, Zatoń M. "Acute effects of using added respiratory dead space volume in a cycling sprint interval exercise protocol: a cross-over study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24): 9485. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249485.

[13] Lässing J, Falz R, Pökel C, Fikenzer S, Laufs U, Schulze A, et al. "Effects of surgical face masks on cardiopulmonary parameters during steady state exercise". Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1): 22363. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78643-1.

[14] Epstein D, Korytny A, Isenberg Y, Marcusohn E, Zukermann R, Bishop B, et al. "Return to training in the COVID‐19 era: The physiological effects of face masks during exercise". Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; 31(1): 70-5. doi: 10.1111/sms.13832.

[15] Fikenzer S, Uhe T, Lavall D, Rudolph U, Falz R, Busse M, et al. "Effects of surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity". Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2020; 109(12): 1522-30. doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01704.

[16] Goh DYT, Mun MW, Lee WLJ, Teoh OH, Rajgor DD. "A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the safety, fit, comfort of a novel N95 mask in children". Scientific Reports. 2019; 9(1): 18952. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55451-w.

[17] Tornero-Aguilera JF, Rubio-Zarapuz A, Bustamante-Sánchez A, Clemente-Suárez VJ. "The effect of surgical mask use in anaerobic running performance". Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(14): 6555. doi: 10.3390/app11146555.

[19] Galli I, Di Michele R. (editors). "Effects of a 6-week detraining on repeated-sprint ability and power in competitive ultimate players". International Conference of Sports Science-AESA. 2022. CityRome, CountryItaly.

[20] Shaw KA, Zello GA, Butcher SJ, Ko JB, Bertrand L, Chilibeck PD. "The impact of face masks on performance and physiological outcomes during exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2021; 46(7): 693-703. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0143.