Larger foraminifera from the Miocene Gharamul Formation, Gebel Abu shaar El Qibli, Gulf of Suez region, Egypt: new insights into biozonation and palaeoenvironmental significance

Abdallah, A. M., Abdel Hady, F. M. 1968. Geology of Sadat area, Gulf of Suez. Journal of Geology United Arab Repulic, 10 (1): 1-22.
Abdel Ghany, O., 2003. Lower Miocene startigraphy of the Gebel Shabrawet area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences,
Bassi, D , Braga, J. C., Domenico, G., Pignatti, J., Abramovich, S., pamela hillock ,janine konen , zoltan kovacs , martin r. langer ,giulio pavia, yasufumi iryu 2019. palaeobiogeography and evolutionary patterns of the larger foraminifer borelisde montfort (borelidae). Papers in Palaeontology, pp. 1-27.
Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher, C. C., Aubry, M. P. 1995. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In: Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M. P., Hardenhol, J. Eds. , Geochronology, time scales and Golbal stratigraphic correlation: SEPM Special Publication, 54: 129-212.
Betzler C., Chapronière G.C.H., 1993. Paleogene and Neogenelarger foraminifers from the Queensland Plateau: biostratigraphy and environmental significance. In: McKenzie J.A, Davies P.J, Palmer- Julson A, et.al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results: 133, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 281-289.
Betzler C., Schmitz S. 1997. First record of Borelis melo andDendritina sp. in the Messinian of SE Spain (Cabo de Gata,Province Almeria). Paläontologische Zeitschrift: 71: 211-216.32 Hamad
Bignot G., Guernet G., 1976. Sur la présence de Borelis curdica(Reichel) dans le Miocéne de l’ile de Kos (Greece). Géologie Méditerranéenne, Annales de l’Université de Provence: 3 (1): 15-26
Bosence, D., Cross, N., Hardy, S., 1998. Architecture and depositional sequences of Tertiary fault-block carbonate platforms; an analysis from outcrop (Miocene, Gulf of Suez) and computer modeling. Marine and Petroleum Geology 15: 203-221.
Burchette, T.P., 1988. Tectonic control on carbonate facies distribution and sequence de- velopment: Miocene, Gulf of Suez. Sedimentary Geology, 59: 179-204.
Boudagher-Fadel M. K., 2008. Evolution and geologic significance of larger Benthic Foraminifera. Baker and Taylor, USA
Boudagher-Fadel M. K., Wilson, M. 2000. A revision of some largerforaminifera of the Miocene of Southeast Kalimantan. Micropaleontol 46:153-165.
Boudagher-Fadel, M.K., Price, D., 2010. Evolution and paleogeographic distribution of the lepidocyclinids. Journal of Foraminifera Research, 40: 79-108.
Brandano, M., Cornacchia, I., Raffi, I., Tomasseti, L., 2016. The Oligocene–Miocene stratigraphic evolution of the Majella carbonate platform (Central Apennines, Italy). Sedimentary Geology 333: 1-14.
Cahuzac, B., Poignant, A., 1997. An attempt of biozonation of the Oligo-Miocene in the European basins by means of larger neritic foraminifera. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 168: 155-170.
Cherif, O. H. 1966. Geology of the Sadat area, southwest of Suez, Egypt. M. Sc. Thesis , Ain Shams, 242p.
Cherif, O. H., Yehia, M. A. 1977. Stratigraphy of the area between Wadi Gimal and Wadi Hommath, Gulf of Suez , Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Geology, 21 (2): 185- 202.
Coniglio, M., James, N.P., Aïssaoui, D.M., 1988. Dolomitization of Miocene carbonates, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 58: 100-119.
Cross, N.E., Bosence, D.W.J., 2008. Tectono-sedimentary models for rift-basin carbonate systems. In: Lukasik, J., Toni Simo, J.A. (Eds.), Controls on Carbonate Platform and Reef Development. Society Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Pub- lication 89: 83-105.
Cross, N.E., Purser, B.H., Bosence, D.W.J., 1998. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of a rift margin carbonate platform: Abu Shaar, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. In: Purser, B.H., Bosence, D.W.J. (Eds.),
Sedimentation and Tectonics of Rift Basins, Red Sea-Gulf of Aden. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 271-295.
Daneshian, J., Cheghini, A.R., 2007. Biostratigraphy of the Qom Formation in the Northeast and Southeast of Semnan. Geosciences, 62: 72–79.
Daneshian, J., Ghanbari, M., 2017. Stratigraphic distri- bution of planktonic foraminifera from the Qom For- mation: A case study from the Zanjan area (NW Cen- tral Iran). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 283: 239-254.
Drooger, C. W. 1952. Study of American Miogypsinidae. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Utrecht,Vonk and Co., Zeist, p. 80.
Drooger, C.W. 1993. Miogypsinidae. In: Drooger, C.W., (Ed.), Radial Foraminifera: Morphmetrics and Evolution. Verhandelin-gen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd Natuurkunde, North Holland 41, VIII, 74-112.
Farag, I. A. M., Sadek, A., 1968. Stratigraphy of Gebel Homeira area, Cairo – Suez district. Journal of Geology United Arab Repulic, 10 (2): 107-124.
El Sayed, A. A. Y, Fahmy, S. E., Imam, M. M., 1988. Startigraphy and microfacies of the Miocene sequence at Gebel Sarbut El Gamal, West Central Sinai, Egypt. N. Jb. Geol. Palaeont. Abh., 177 (2): 225-242.
El Sorogy, A. E. B., 2001. Miocene coral reefs of the northern Red Sea coast, Egypt: Facies development and diagensis. M.E. R. C. Ain Shams univ., Earth Science. 15: 184-199.
Ghorab, M. A., Marzouk, I. M., 1967. A summary report on the rock stratigraphic classification of the Miocene non – marine and coastal facies in the Gulf of Suez and Red sea coast. Internal Report 601, General Petroleum Company, Cairo.
Hallock P., Glenn E.C. 1986. Larger foraminifera: a tool for paleoenvironmental analysis of Cenozoic carbonates depositional facies. Palaios, 1: 55-64
Hewaidy A. A., Ayyad, H. M., Ahmed, N. 2020. Biostratigraphy of the Miocene successions in the sadat area, west Gulf of Suez, Egypt - Egyptian Journal of Geology, 64: 455-470 Geopersia 2025, 15(1): 15-34 33
Hottinger L. 1974. Alveolinids, Cretaceous-Tertiary largerforaminifera. Esso Production Research- European Laboratories, A. Schudel & Co., Riehen, Basel.
Hottinger L. 1977. Distribution of larger Peneroplidae, Borelisand Nummulitidae in the Gulf of Elat, Red Sea. Utrecht Micropaleontology Bulletin: 15: 35-109.
Hottinger L. 1983. Process determining the distribution of larger foraminifera in space and time. Utrecht Micropaleontology Bulletin, 30: 239-253.
Hamad, M.M. 2008: Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Early Oligocene – Middle Miocene sequence in Banighazi area, Northeastern Libya. Egyptian Journal of Plaeontology, 8: 87-111
Hamad, M. M., 2008a. Algal Biostratigraphy of some Early Miocene Sequences, North Eastern Desert, Egypt. International Journal of Algae, 10 (1): 73-102.
Hamad. M. M., 2009. Coralline red algae and Foraminiferal biostratigraphy from the Early Miocene Sadat Formation, Sadat area, Northwest of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt, Egyptian Journal of Paleontology, 9: 183-212.
Hamad, M. M., El Gammal, R. 2015. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Miocene sequence in the area between Gebel Zeita and Bir El Haleifiyia, West – central Sinai, Egypt. Egypt. Jour. Paleontol., 15: 31- 60.
Hamad, M. M., 2013. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Miocene sequence along the stretch of Qabilt ash Shurfah to Wadi Zaqlum sections, Sirte Basin, Libya. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(10): 513-531.
Hamad, M. M., Orabi, H., 2021. Coralline Red Algae and Microfacies studies as environmental indicators: A case study from the Gharamul formation, Gulf of Suez Region, Egypt. Geopersia, 11(2): 411-430.
Hamam, K. A. 1966. Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the area south west of Suez. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 199p.
Hamza, F. H., 1992. Contribution to the Neogene biostratigraphy of the eastern part of Egypt. Middle East Research Center, Ain Shams University, Earth Science Series 6: 151-166.
Haunold, T. G., Baal, C., Piller, W. E. (1997) Benthic foraminiferal associations in the northern Bay of Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt. Marine Micropaleontology, 29: 185-210.
Haunold, T. G., Baal, C., Piller, W. E. 1998. Larger Foraminifera. In: The northern Bay of Safaga (Red Sea, Egypt): An actuopalaeontological approach V. Foraminifera (Ed. by T. G. Haunold and W. E. Piller), 155-180. Frankfurt a. M. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 548
Iaccarino, S., 1985. Mediterranean Miocene and Pliocene planktonic foraminifera. [In:] H.M., Bolli, J.B., Saun- ders, & K. Perch-Nielsen (Eds): Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Univ. Press, 283-314.
Iaccarino, S., Salvatorini, G., 1982. A framework of planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy for Early Miocene to Late Pliocene Mediterranean area. Paleon- tology Stratigraphy Evolution 2: 115-125.
Imam, M. M. 1991. Geological studies on the Miocene sequence in the area between Wadi El Tayiba and Wadi Sidri, West – central Sinai, Egypt. Unpublished Ph. D. Disseration, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt, 265p.
Imam, M. M., 1997. Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Miocene Sequence in the area between Wadi El Tayiba and Wadi Sidri, west cenrtral Sinai, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25 (3): 435-451.
Imam, M. M., 1999a. Lithostratgraphy and planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Late Eocene – Middle Miocene sequence in the area between Wadi Al Zeitun and Wadi Al Rahib, Al Bardia area, northeast Libya. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 28 (3): 619- 639.
Imam, M. M., 1999b. Lithostratgrphy, microfacies and depositional environments of the Miocene Sequence in the area between Wadi El Tayiba and Wadi Sidri, west cenrtral Sinai, Egypt. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 7: 409-439.
Imam, M. M. & Refaat, A. A., 2000. Stratigraphy and Microfacies analysis of the Miocene Sequence in the area between Gebel Hammam Sayidna Musa and Wadi Abura, southern Sinai, Egypt. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 7: 385-409.
James, N.P., Coniglio, M., Aïssaoui, D.M., Purser, B.H., 1988. Facies and geologic history of an exposed Miocene rift-margin carbonate platform, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 72: 555-572. 34 Hamad
Loeblich, A. R., Tappan, H., 1986. Suprageneric classification of the foraminiferida (Protozoa). Micropaleontology, 30 (1): 1-70.
Loeblich, A. R., Tappan, H., 1988. Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold International Company Limited, New York, 2115 pp.
Murray J.W. 1973. Distribution and ecology of benthonic foraminifera. Heinemann, London, p. 288.
Murray J.W. 1991. Ecology and palaeoecology of benthic foraminifera. Longman Group Limited, London, p. 397.
Murray J.W. 2006. Ecology and applications of Benthic Foraminifera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ouda, K. 1998. Biostratigraphy, paleoecology paleogeography of the middle late Tertiary deposits of the northern Western Desert, Egypt. – N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh., 207(3): 311-394.
Özcan, E., Less, G.Y., 2009. First record of the co-ocurrence of Western Tethyan and Indo-Pacific larger foraminifera in the Burdigalian of the Mediterranean province. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 39, 23-39.
Özcan, E., Less, G., Bàldi-Beke, M., Kollànyi, K. and Acar, E. (2009): Oligo-Miocene foraminiferal record (Miogypsinidae, Lepidocyclinidae and Nummulitidae) from the Western Taurides (SW Turkey): Biometry and implications for the regional geology. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 34: 740-760
Perrin, C., 2000. Changes of palaeozonation patterns within Miocene coral reefs, Gebel Abu Shaar, Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Lethaia, 33: 253-268.
Perrin, C., Plaziat, J. C., Rosen, B.R., 1998. Miocene coral reefs and reef corals of the south- western Gulf of Suez and north-western Red Sea: distribution, diversity and regional environmental controls. In: Purser, B.H., Bosence, D.W.J. (Eds.), Sedimentation and Tectonics of Rift Basins, Red Sea-Gulf of Aden. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 296-319.
Robert W. J., Michael D. S., John, E. W., 2006. On the stratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical significance of Borelis melo melo (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) and B. melo curdica (Reichel, 1937) (Foraminifera, Miliolida, Alveolinidae) Journal of Micropaleontology), 15: 175-185.
Roozpeykar, A., Maghfouri Moghaddam, I., Yazdi, M., Yousefi Yeghaneh, B., 2019a. Facies and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of Early–Middle Miocene deposits in the north-west of the Zagros Basin, Iran. Geologica Carpathica 70: 75-87.
Sadak H., 1926: the geography and geology of the district between Gebel Ataqa and El-Galala ElBahariya (Gulf of Suez). - Geol. Surv. Min. Res. Dept. Cairo, 120 p.
Sadek, H. 1959. The Miocene in the Gulf of Suez region, Egypt. Geological Survey of Egypt., pp. 1- 18.
Said, R., 1990. Cenozoic. In: Said, R. (Ed.), the Geology of Egypt. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 451 - 486.
Said, R., Metwalli, H., 1966. Foraminifera of some Miocene sediments of the Cairo – Suez Road – Journal of Egyptian Geology, 7 (1): 29 -65.
Souaya, F. J., 1961. Contribution to the study of Miogypsina s.l. from Egypt. Proc. Kon. Nederl. Akad. Wetenshap., Ser., B, 64 (5): 665-705.
Souaya, F. J., 1963a. On the Foraminifera of Gebel Ghara (Cairo – Suez road) and some other Miocene samples. Journal of Paleontology, 37 (2): 433-457
Souaya, F. J., 1963b. Micropaleontology of four sections south of Qusier, Egypt, Micropaleontology, 9 (3): 233-266.
Wildenborg, A. F. B., 1991. Evolutionary aspects of the miogypsinids in the Oligo-Miocene carbonates near Mineo (Sicily). Utrecht. Micropale. Bull., 41: 1-139.