The role of aerobic training with the Vaccinium Arctostaphylos L. fruit hydro-alcoholic extract in the regulation of oxidative stress in the heart tissue of diabetic rats

Piralaiy, Elaheh; Rashwan Ismael, Badrkhan; Hamidiyan, Gholamreza

doi:10.22059/sshr.2024.376490.1139

فهرست نشریات

فهرست نشریات دارای اعتبار وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری

فهرست مجلات علمی- پژوهشی دانشگاه تهران

نحوه ارسال مقاله برای مجله- ثبت نام در سامانه- فراموش کردن رمز عبور

تعداد نشریات	162
تعداد شماره‌ها	6,578
تعداد مقالات	71,072
تعداد مشاهده مقاله	125,684,763
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله	98,914,282

	The role of aerobic training with the Vaccinium Arctostaphylos L. fruit hydro-alcoholic extract in the regulation of oxidative stress in the heart tissue of diabetic rats
Sport Sciences and Health Research
دوره 16، شماره 1، فروردین 2024، صفحه 115-128 اصل مقاله (490.6 K)
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/sshr.2024.376490.1139
نویسندگان
Elaheh Piralaiy^* ¹؛ Badrkhan Rashwan Ismael²؛ Gholamreza Hamidiyan³
¹Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
²Ph.D. student, Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
³Associate Professor in Comparative Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده
Background: Cardiovascular disease is a significant contributor to mortality in diabetic patients. Despite the potential benefits of concomitant and complementary training in diabetic patients, there is a paucity of evidence in this area. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training in conjunction with a hydroalcoholic extract of the fruit of Qaraqat on superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde in the heart tissue of male rats with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: 24 male rats aged 8 weeks were diabetic with a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin injection. They were randomly divided into four groups: (1) aerobic training (AT), (2) supplementation (Sup), (3) Aerobic training+ supplement (AT+Sup), and (4) diabetes control (Con). The training protocol included running on a treadmill at a speed of 5-24 m/min for 10-60 min, according to the principle of overload. Glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and MDA, TAC, GPX, and SOD of heart tissue were measured. Statistical tests of two-way variance and post hoc Bonferroni were used using SPSS software at a significance level of P<0.005. Results A significant decrease in glucose levels, insulin resistance, and MDA (P<0.005) was observed in the intervention groups following eight weeks of training and supplement intervention, in comparison to the Con group. Also, the amount of insulin in Sup and AT+Sup groups exhibited a notable decline in comparison to Con and AT groups (P<0.005), as well as a substantial increase in the levels of SOD (P=0.001) and GPx (P<0.005), and TAC (P<0.005) was observed. Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with elevated MDA levels, which are reduced by aerobic training and supplementation. Furthermore, the administration of a training intervention and the utilization of a supplement have been demonstrated to elevate the levels of SOD, TAC, and GPx.
کلیدواژه‌ها
aerobic exercise؛ aerobic training؛ antioxidant defense system؛ oxidative stress؛ rats؛ type 2 diabetes؛ Vaccinium Arctostaphylos

مراجع
[1] Antini C, Caixeta R, Luciani S, Hennis AJM. “Diabetes mortality: trends and multi-country analysis of the Americas from 2000 to 2019”. Int J Epidemiol. 2024; 53(1): doi: 10.1093/ije/dyad182. [2] Patel DK, Kumar R, Laloo D, Hemalatha S. “Natural medicines from plant source used for therapy of diabetes mellitus: An overview of its pharmacological aspects”. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2012; 2(3). doi: 10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60054-1. [3] Flensted-Jensen M, Gram M, Dela F, Helge JW, Larsen S. “Six weeks of intensity intensity high-intensity cycle training reduces H₂O₂ emission and increases antioxidant protein levels in obese adults with risk factors for type 2 diabetes”. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021; 173. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.020. [4] Dix M. “Oxidative stress: Definition, effects on the body, and prevention”. Pridobljeno. 2018; 14(10): 2020. [5] Farley N, Pedraza-Alva G, Serrano-Gomez D, et al. “p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates the fas-induced mitochondrial death pathway in CD8 + T cells”. Mol Cell Biol. 2006; 26(6): 2118-2129. doi: 10.1128/mcb.26.6.2118-2129.2006. [6] Maxwell SRJ, Thomason H, Sandler D, et al., “Antioxidant status in patients with uncomplicated insulin‐dependent and non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus”. Eur J Clin Invest. 2003; 27(6): 484-490. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1390687. x. [7] Reynolds LR, Kingsley FJ, Karounos DG, Tannock LR. “Differential effects of rosiglitazone and insulin glargine on inflammatory markers, glycemic control, and lipids in type 2 diabetes”. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007; 77(2). doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.12.011. [8] Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. “Oxidative stress: Harms and benefits for human health”. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/8416763. [9] Ghorbani P, Hamidialamdari D, Namvar F, Yaghmaei P. “Investigating the antioxidant properties of Silver Nanoparticle synthesized by green method”. J Ilma Uni Med Sci. 2016; 7(23): 181-9. [in Persian] [10] Pérez-Gallardo RV, Noriega-Cisneros R, Esquivel-Gutiérrez E, et al. “Effects of diabetes on oxidative and nitrosative stress in kidney mitochondria from aged rats”. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2014; 46(6): 511-518. doi: 10.1007/s10863-014-9594-4. [11] Dröge W. “Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function”. Physiological Reviews. 2002; 82(1). doi: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2001. [12] Masella R, Di Benedetto R, Varì R, Filesi C, Giovannini C. “Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes”. J Nutr Biochem. 2005; 16(10): 577-586. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.013. [13] Gordon LA, Morrison EY, McGrowder D, et al. “Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes”. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008; 8(1): 21. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-21. [14] Esmaeili M, Bijeh N, Moghadam MG. “Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training on aerobic fitness, strength, beta-endorphin, blood glucose level, and insulin resistance in women with type ii diabetes mellitus”. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2018; 21(6). doi: 10.22038/ijogi.2018.11631. [in Persian] [15] Kuamr V, Vinu W. “Remedial exercise training program (aerobic and brisk walk training) for type II diabetes (T2DM)”. Sport TK. 2024; 13. doi: 10.6018/sportk.548491. [16] Klarod K, Singsanan S, Luangpon N, Kiatkulanusorn S, Boonsiri P, Burtscher M. “Effects of qigong training on muscle strengths, flexibility, cardiopulmonary fitness, and antioxidant/oxidant responses in sedentary middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus women: A quasi-experimental design, placebo-controlled study”. Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine. 2023; 30(3): 288-doi: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0180. [17] Naderi R, Mohaddes G, Mohammadi M, Ghaznavi R, Ghyasi R, Vatankhah AM. “Voluntary exercise protects heart from oxidative stress in diabetic rats”. Adv Pharm Bull. 2015; 5(2): 231-236. doi: 10.15171/apb.2015.032. [18] AkbarpourBeni M, Sabagheyan Rad S, Chamani N. “Comparison of the effects of eight weeks of traditional resistance training and TRX on oxidative and antioxidant indicators in women with type 2 diabetes”. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology Autumn. 2023; 16(3): 66-75. doi: 10.48308/joeppa.2023.103908. [in Persian] [19] Khoramshahi S, Jordi MR, del fan M. “Effect of five weeks of high-intensity interval training on the expression of miR-23a and Atrogin-1 in gastrocnemius muscles of diabetic male rats”. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017; 18(5): 361-367. [in Persian] [20] Granfeldt YE, Björck IM. “A bilberry drink with fermented oatmeal decreases postprandial insulin demand in young healthy adults”. Nutr J. 2011; 10(1): 57. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-57. [21] Takikawa M, Inoue S, Horio F, Tsuda T. “Dietary anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic mice”. J Nutr. 2010; 140(3): 527-533. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.118216. [22] Barut B, Barut EN, Engin S, Özel A, Sezen FS. “Investigation of the antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and DNA protective properties of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L”. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2019; 16(2): 175-183. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.28247. [23] Shamilov AA, Olennikov DN, Pozdnyakov DI, Bubenchikova VN, Garsiya ER, Larskii MV. “Caucasian Blueberry: Comparative Study of phenolic compounds and neuroprotective and antioxidant potential of Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium arctostaphylos Leaves”. Life. 2022; 12(12): 2079. doi: 10.3390/life12122079. [24] Moch Y. “The influence of 8-week aerobic exercise on antioxidant enzyme on young men”. Interdisciplinary Social Studies. 2023; 2(9): 2372-2378. doi: 10.55324/iss.v2i9.484. [25] Zangiband B, Mohamadzadeh Salamat K, Azizbeigi K, Etemad Z. “The effect of aerobic training with royal jelly consumption on antioxidant indices in aortic artery tissue of ovariectomized diabetic rats”. Sport Physiology. 2023; 15(57): 43-66. doi: 10.22089/SPJ.2023.13445.2212. [in Persian] [26] Yu BP. “Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species”. Physiol Rev. 1994; 74(1): 139-162. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1994.74.1.139. [27] Sasidharan SR, Joseph JA, Anandakumar S, Venkatesan V, Ariyattu Madhavan CN, Agarwal A. “An experimental approach for selecting appropriate rodent diets for research studies on metabolic disorders”. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2013/752870. [28] Srinivasan K, Viswanad B, Asrat L, Kaul CL, Ramarao P. “Combination of high-fat diet-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: A model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening”. Pharmacol Res. 2005; 52(4): 313-320. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2005.05.004. [29] Parekh J, Chanda S. “In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. flower (Lythraceae)”. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2007; 38(2): 204-207. doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822007000200004. [30] Sparkman OD, Penton ZE, Kitson FG. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide. 2nd Ed. 2011. doi: 10.1016/C2009-0-17039-3. [31] Schwingshackl L, Missbach B, Dias S, König J, Hoffmann G. “Impact of different training modalities on glycaemic control and blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis”. Diabetologia. 2014; 57(9): 1789-1797. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3303-z. [32] Mehri K, Hamidian G, Babri S, Farajdokht F, Zavvari Oskuye Z. “Exercise and insulin glargine administration in mothers with diabetes during pregnancy ameliorate function of testis in offspring: Consequences on apelin-13 and its receptor”. Life Sci. 2024; 342: 122517. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122517. [33] Dabagh Nikookheslat S, Amirsasan R, Khani M, Nikkhesal M. “The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on p-mTOR, T-mTOR, and fibrosis of cardiac tissue and insulin resistance in diabetic male Wistar rats”. Journal of Sport and Exercise Physiology. 2023; 16(1): 56-66. doi: 10.52547/joeppa.16.1.56. [in Persian] [34] Ruiz C, Alegría A, Barberá R, Farré R, Lagarda MJ. “Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus”. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1999; 59(2): 99-105. doi: 10.1080/00365519950185823. [35] Goodarzi MT, Navidi AA, Rezaei M, Babahmadi‐Rezaei H. “Oxidative damage to DNA and lipids: correlation with protein glycation in patients with type 1 diabetes”. J Clin Lab Anal. 2010; 24(2): 72-76. doi: 10.1002/jcla.20328. [36] Hooshmand B, Attarzade Hosseini SR, Kordi MR, Davaloo T. “The Effect of 8-week aerobic exercise with spirulina supplementation consumption on plasma levels of MDA, SOD and TAC in men with type 2 diabetes”. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations. 2019; 10(4): 139-148. [in Persian] [37] Moradpourian MR, Shakarami N. “Determine the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on some antioxidant oxidative/antioxidant indices of middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes”. Research on Biosciences and Physical Activity. 2017; 4(7): 1-8. doi: 10.22111/RBPA.2017.5549. [in Persian] [38] Soltani R, Hakimi M, Asgary S, Ghanadian SM, Keshvari M, Sarrafzadegan N. “Evaluation of the effects of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. fruit extract on serum lipids and hs-CRP levels and oxidative stress in adult patients with hyperlipidemia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial”. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2014, pp. 1–6, 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/217451. [39] Servais S. “Effect of voluntary exercise on H₂O² release by subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria”. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003; 35(1): 24-32. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00177-1. [40] Toborek M, Seedlbach MJ, Rashid CS, et al. “Voluntary exercise protect against methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress in brain microvasculature and disruption of the brain blood-brain barrier”. Mol Neurodegener. 2013; 8(1): 22. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-22. [41] Hayat F. “Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the production of free radicals during exercise and their function on skeletal muscles”. Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences. 2017; 7(1): 1-11. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285105.2017.7.1.6.5 [in Persian] [42] Cheng JT, Liu IM. “Stimulatory effect of caffeic acid on α 1A -adrenoceptors to increase glucose uptake into cultured C 2 C 12 cells”. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000l; 362(2): 122-127. doi: 10.1007/s002100000274. [43] Feshani AM, Kouhsari SM, Mohammadi S. “Vaccinium arctostaphylos, a common herbal medicine in Iran: Molecular and biochemical study of its antidiabetic effects on alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats”. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 133(1): 67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.002. [44] Del Bo’ C, Martini D, Porrini M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P. “Berries and oxidative stress markers: an overview of human intervention studies”. Food Funct. 2015; 6(9): 2890-2917. doi: 10.1039/C5FO00657K. [45] Poehlman ET. “Effects of resistance training and endurance training on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, young women: A controlled randomized trial”. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2000; 85(7): 2463-2468. doi: 10.1210/jc.85.7.2463. [46] Idris I, Al-Ubaidi F. “Discordance between non-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes without previous cardiovascular events”. Diabetes Metab. 2010; 36(4): 299-304. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.02.002. [47] Mani M, Mehdizadeh Tourzani Z, Rezvani H, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Mirfeizi SZ. “The effects of whortleberry on controlling of blood glucose and lipids in patients with type II diabetes: A randomized controlled trial”. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research Year. :2012; 10(3): 225-231. [in Persian] [48] Panchatcharam M. Miriyala S, Gayathri VS, Suguna L. “Curcumin improves wound healing by modulating collagen and decreasing reactive oxygen species”. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006; 290(1-2): 87-96. doi: 10.1007/s11010-006-9170-2. [49] Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. “Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health”. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2010; 4(8). doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902.
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 137 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 187

سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب

پیوندهای مفید

پیوندهای مفید

اخبار و اعلانات

آمار

The role of aerobic training with the Vaccinium Arctostaphylos L. fruit hydro-alcoholic extract in the regulation of oxidative stress in the heart tissue of diabetic rats

[1] Antini C, Caixeta R, Luciani S, Hennis AJM. “Diabetes mortality: trends and multi-country analysis of the Americas from 2000 to 2019”. Int J Epidemiol. 2024; 53(1): doi: 10.1093/ije/dyad182.

[2] Patel DK, Kumar R, Laloo D, Hemalatha S. “Natural medicines from plant source used for therapy of diabetes mellitus: An overview of its pharmacological aspects”. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2012; 2(3). doi: 10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60054-1.

[4] Dix M. “Oxidative stress: Definition, effects on the body, and prevention”. Pridobljeno. 2018; 14(10): 2020.

[5] Farley N, Pedraza-Alva G, Serrano-Gomez D, et al. “p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates the fas-induced mitochondrial death pathway in CD8 + T cells”. Mol Cell Biol. 2006; 26(6): 2118-2129. doi: 10.1128/mcb.26.6.2118-2129.2006.

[6] Maxwell SRJ, Thomason H, Sandler D, et al., “Antioxidant status in patients with uncomplicated insulin‐dependent and non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus”. Eur J Clin Invest. 2003; 27(6): 484-490. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1390687. x.

[7] Reynolds LR, Kingsley FJ, Karounos DG, Tannock LR. “Differential effects of rosiglitazone and insulin glargine on inflammatory markers, glycemic control, and lipids in type 2 diabetes”. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007; 77(2). doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.12.011.

[8] Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. “Oxidative stress: Harms and benefits for human health”. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/8416763.

[9] Ghorbani P, Hamidialamdari D, Namvar F, Yaghmaei P. “Investigating the antioxidant properties of Silver Nanoparticle synthesized by green method”. J Ilma Uni Med Sci. 2016; 7(23): 181-9. [in Persian]

[10] Pérez-Gallardo RV, Noriega-Cisneros R, Esquivel-Gutiérrez E, et al. “Effects of diabetes on oxidative and nitrosative stress in kidney mitochondria from aged rats”. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2014; 46(6): 511-518. doi: 10.1007/s10863-014-9594-4.

[11] Dröge W. “Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function”. Physiological Reviews. 2002; 82(1). doi: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2001.

[12] Masella R, Di Benedetto R, Varì R, Filesi C, Giovannini C. “Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes”. J Nutr Biochem. 2005; 16(10): 577-586. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.013.

[13] Gordon LA, Morrison EY, McGrowder D, et al. “Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes”. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2008; 8(1): 21. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-21.

[15] Kuamr V, Vinu W. “Remedial exercise training program (aerobic and brisk walk training) for type II diabetes (T2DM)”. Sport TK. 2024; 13. doi: 10.6018/sportk.548491.

[17] Naderi R, Mohaddes G, Mohammadi M, Ghaznavi R, Ghyasi R, Vatankhah AM. “Voluntary exercise protects heart from oxidative stress in diabetic rats”. Adv Pharm Bull. 2015; 5(2): 231-236. doi: 10.15171/apb.2015.032.

[19] Khoramshahi S, Jordi MR, del fan M. “Effect of five weeks of high-intensity interval training on the expression of miR-23a and Atrogin-1 in gastrocnemius muscles of diabetic male rats”. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017; 18(5): 361-367. [in Persian]

[20] Granfeldt YE, Björck IM. “A bilberry drink with fermented oatmeal decreases postprandial insulin demand in young healthy adults”. Nutr J. 2011; 10(1): 57. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-57.

[21] Takikawa M, Inoue S, Horio F, Tsuda T. “Dietary anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic mice”. J Nutr. 2010; 140(3): 527-533. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.118216.

[22] Barut B, Barut EN, Engin S, Özel A, Sezen FS. “Investigation of the antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and DNA protective properties of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L”. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2019; 16(2): 175-183. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.28247.

[24] Moch Y. “The influence of 8-week aerobic exercise on antioxidant enzyme on young men”. Interdisciplinary Social Studies. 2023; 2(9): 2372-2378. doi: 10.55324/iss.v2i9.484.

[25] Zangiband B, Mohamadzadeh Salamat K, Azizbeigi K, Etemad Z. “The effect of aerobic training with royal jelly consumption on antioxidant indices in aortic artery tissue of ovariectomized diabetic rats”. Sport Physiology. 2023; 15(57): 43-66. doi: 10.22089/SPJ.2023.13445.2212. [in Persian]

[26] Yu BP. “Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species”. Physiol Rev. 1994; 74(1): 139-162. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1994.74.1.139.

[27] Sasidharan SR, Joseph JA, Anandakumar S, Venkatesan V, Ariyattu Madhavan CN, Agarwal A. “An experimental approach for selecting appropriate rodent diets for research studies on metabolic disorders”. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2013/752870.

[28] Srinivasan K, Viswanad B, Asrat L, Kaul CL, Ramarao P. “Combination of high-fat diet-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: A model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening”. Pharmacol Res. 2005; 52(4): 313-320. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2005.05.004.

[29] Parekh J, Chanda S. “In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. flower (Lythraceae)”. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2007; 38(2): 204-207. doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822007000200004.

[30] Sparkman OD, Penton ZE, Kitson FG. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide. 2nd Ed. 2011. doi: 10.1016/C2009-0-17039-3.

[31] Schwingshackl L, Missbach B, Dias S, König J, Hoffmann G. “Impact of different training modalities on glycaemic control and blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis”. Diabetologia. 2014; 57(9): 1789-1797. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3303-z.

[34] Ruiz C, Alegría A, Barberá R, Farré R, Lagarda MJ. “Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus”. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1999; 59(2): 99-105. doi: 10.1080/00365519950185823.

[35] Goodarzi MT, Navidi AA, Rezaei M, Babahmadi‐Rezaei H. “Oxidative damage to DNA and lipids: correlation with protein glycation in patients with type 1 diabetes”. J Clin Lab Anal. 2010; 24(2): 72-76. doi: 10.1002/jcla.20328.

[36] Hooshmand B, Attarzade Hosseini SR, Kordi MR, Davaloo T. “The Effect of 8-week aerobic exercise with spirulina supplementation consumption on plasma levels of MDA, SOD and TAC in men with type 2 diabetes”. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations. 2019; 10(4): 139-148. [in Persian]

[37] Moradpourian MR, Shakarami N. “Determine the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on some antioxidant oxidative/antioxidant indices of middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes”. Research on Biosciences and Physical Activity. 2017; 4(7): 1-8. doi: 10.22111/RBPA.2017.5549. [in Persian]

[39] Servais S. “Effect of voluntary exercise on H2O2 release by subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria”. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003; 35(1): 24-32. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00177-1.

[40] Toborek M, Seedlbach MJ, Rashid CS, et al. “Voluntary exercise protect against methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress in brain microvasculature and disruption of the brain blood-brain barrier”. Mol Neurodegener. 2013; 8(1): 22. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-22.

[41] Hayat F. “Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the production of free radicals during exercise and their function on skeletal muscles”. Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences. 2017; 7(1): 1-11. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22285105.2017.7.1.6.5 [in Persian]

[42] Cheng JT, Liu IM. “Stimulatory effect of caffeic acid on α 1A -adrenoceptors to increase glucose uptake into cultured C 2 C 12 cells”. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000l; 362(2): 122-127. doi: 10.1007/s002100000274.

[43] Feshani AM, Kouhsari SM, Mohammadi S. “Vaccinium arctostaphylos, a common herbal medicine in Iran: Molecular and biochemical study of its antidiabetic effects on alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats”. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 133(1): 67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.002.

[44] Del Bo’ C, Martini D, Porrini M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P. “Berries and oxidative stress markers: an overview of human intervention studies”. Food Funct. 2015; 6(9): 2890-2917. doi: 10.1039/C5FO00657K.

[45] Poehlman ET. “Effects of resistance training and endurance training on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, young women: A controlled randomized trial”. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2000; 85(7): 2463-2468. doi: 10.1210/jc.85.7.2463.

[46] Idris I, Al-Ubaidi F. “Discordance between non-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes without previous cardiovascular events”. Diabetes Metab. 2010; 36(4): 299-304. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.02.002.

[48] Panchatcharam M. Miriyala S, Gayathri VS, Suguna L. “Curcumin improves wound healing by modulating collagen and decreasing reactive oxygen species”. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006; 290(1-2): 87-96. doi: 10.1007/s11010-006-9170-2.

[49] Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. “Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health”. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2010; 4(8). doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70902.

[39] Servais S. “Effect of voluntary exercise on H₂O² release by subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria”. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003; 35(1): 24-32. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00177-1.