Enhancement of the properties of cellulose nanofiber coatings using ammonium zirconium carbonate and sorbitol | ||
| نشریه جنگل و فرآورده های چوب | ||
| Volume 77, Issue 2, September 2024, Pages 187-200 PDF (1.7 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22059/jfwp.2024.377436.1298 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Saeedeh Heshmati1; Mohammad Azadfallah1; Mehdi Roohani* 2; Seyedeh Sedigheh Ebrahimi1 | ||
| 1Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Research Group of Cellulosic Materials and Packaging, Research Department of Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Standard Research Institute, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and improving the properties of cellulose nanofiber coatings using ammonium zirconium carbonate and sorbitol. For this purpose, packaging films were prepared based on different formulations of cellulose nanofibers, ammonium zirconium carbonate as a cross-linking agent, and sorbitol as a softening agent, and applied as coatings on packaging paper. The barrier properties and mechanical strength of both coated and uncoated paper were measured and analyzed. The results showed that papers coated with cellulose nanofibers and ammonium zirconium carbonate exhibited proper and uniform coatings. The barrier properties of the coated papers, such as air permeability (Gurley), water vapor permeability (WVP), and oxygen transmission rate (OTR), were measured. The results demonstrated that coating the paper with the cellulose nanofiber and ammonium zirconium carbonate matrix improved the barrier properties, significantly increasing the air resistance of the paper and reducing moisture absorption, oxygen transmission rate, and water vapor permeability. The fracture surfaces of the samples were examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), revealing a uniform coating layer on the base paper and an even distribution of the cellulose nanofiber matrix along with the ammonium zirconium carbonate binder in the coating layer. The mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated through a static tensile test, which showed that the mechanical properties improved due to the coating. The sample coated with a mixture of cellulose nanofibers, 15% ammonium zirconium carbonate binder, and 100% sorbitol exhibited the highest results. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Air permeability; Barrier properties; Mechanical properties; Oxygen transmission rate; Water vapor permeability | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] Dehghani Firoozabadi, M.R., & Kolaei Moakhar, F. (2019). Investigation and comparison of mechanical and barrier properties of stone paper and glossy paper. Journal of Wood and Paper Industries of Iran, 10(3), 373-384. (In Persian) [2] Roohani,M., Movahedi, F., Kord, B., & Khakifirooz, A. (2023). Investigation on coating of paper with biodegradable polymers and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on its mechanical and barrier properties. Journal of Wood and Paper Industries of Iran, 14(1), 97-111. [3] Armand, K., & Ghasemiyan, A. (2020). Effect of coating of packaging paper using chitosan and modified polylactic acid. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Science Research, 35(4), 321-331. (In Persian) [4] El-Sakhawy, M., & Hassan, M.L. (2007). Physical and mechanical properties of microcrystalline cellulose prepared from agricultural residues. Carbohydrate Polymers, 67(1), 1-10. [5] Li, H., Qi, Y., Zhao, Y., Chi, J., & Cheng, S. (2019). Starch and its derivatives for paper coatings: A review. Prog. Org. Coatings, 135(2), 213-227. [6] Basak, S., Dangate, M.S. & Samy, S. (2024). Oil-and water-resistant paper coatings: A review. Progress in Organic Coatings, 186(3), 107938. [7] Xia, Y., Wang, S., Meng, F., Xu, Z., Fang, Q., Gu, Z., Zhang, C., Li, P., & Kong, F. (2024). Eco-friendly food packaging based on paper coated with a bio-based antibacterial coating composed of carbamate starch, calcium lignosulfonate, cellulose nanofibrils, and silver nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 254(3), 127659. [8] Panahirad, S., Dadpour, M., Peighambardoust, S.H., Soltanzadeh, M., Gullón, B., Alirezalu, K., & Lorenzo, J.M. (2021). Applications of carboxymethyl cellulose-and pectin-based active edible coatings in preservation of fruits and vegetables: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 110(4), 663- 673. [9] Shimizu, M., Saito, T., & Isogai, A. (2016). Water-resistant and high oxygen-barrier nanocellulose films with interfibrillar cross-linkages formed through multivalent metal ions. Journal of Membrane Science (J. Memb. Sci), 550(51), 1-7. [10] Barbash, V., & Yaschenko, O. (2020). Preparation, properties and use of nanocellulose from non-wood plant materials. Novel nanomaterials, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94272 [11] Trache, D., Tarchoun, A.F., Derradji, M., Hamidon, T.S., Masruchin, N., Brosse, N., & Hussin, M.H. (2020). Nanocellulose: from fundamentals to advanced applications. Cellulose, 8(1), 392. [12] Isogai, A. (2021). Emerging nanocellulose technologies: recent developments. Advanced Materials, 33: 2000630. [13] Perumal, S., Lee, H., & Jeon, S.(2021). Synthetization of hybrid nanocellulose aerogels for the removal of heavy metal ions. Journal of Polymer Research, 28 (8), 325. [14] Curvello, R., Singh, Vikram., & Gil, R. (2019). GarnierEngineering nanocellulose hydrogels for biomedical applications. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 267(1), 47-61 [15] Mikkonen, K.S., Schmidt, J., Vesterinen, A.-H., & Tenkanen, M. (2013). Crosslinking with ammonium zirconium carbonate improves the formation and properties of spruce galactoglucomannan films. Journal of Materials Science, 48(12), 4205-4213. [16] Chen, X., Ren, J ., & Meng, L. (2015). Influence of ammonium zirconium carbonate on properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/xylan composite films. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015(1), 1-8. [17] Queirós, L.C.C., Sousa, S.C.L., Duarte, A.F.S., Domingues, F.C., & Ramos, A.M.M. (2017). Development of carboxymethyl xylan films with functional properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54(1), 9-17. [18] Ni, S., Wang, B., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, Zh., Wu, W., Xiao, H., & Dai, H., (2019). Glyoxal improved functionalization of starch with AZC enhances the hydrophobicity, strength and UV blocking capacities of co-crosslinked polymer. European Polymer Journal, 110(1), 385-393 [19] Liu, M., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, C., & Cao, S. (2014). Physicochemical, mechanical and thermal properties of chitosan films with and without sorbitol, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 70(2), 340-346. [20] Harussani, M.M., Sapuan, S.M., Firdaus, A.H.M., El-Badry, Y.A., Hussein, E.E., & El-Bahy, Z.M. (2021). Determination of the tensile properties and biodegradability of cornstarch-based biopolymers plasticized with sorbitol and glycerol. Polymers (Basel), 13(21), 3709. [21] Yadav, R.B. (2024). Biodegradable Packaging: Recent Advances and Applications in Food Industry, Food Process Enginnering and Technology: Safety, Packaging, Nanotechnologies Human Health, pp. 189-213. [22] Shuzhen, N., Liang, J., Hui, Z., Yongchao, Z., Guigan, F., Huining, X., & Hongqi, D. (2018). Enhancing hydrophobicity, strength and UV shielding capacity of starch film via novel co-cross-linking in neutral conditions. Royal Society Open Science, 5(11), 181206. [23] ISO 15105-1:2007, Plastics - Film and sheeting - Determination of gas-transmission rate - Part 1: Differential-pressure methods. [24] ISO 2528:2017, Sheet materials - Determination of water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) - Gravimetric (dish) method. [25] TAPPI T 460, Air resistance of paper (Gurley method). [26] ASTM D882-18, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting. [27] Li, F., Biagioni, P., Bollani, M., Maccagnan, A., & Piergiovanni, L. (2013). Multi-functional coating of cellulose nanocrystals for flexible packaging applications. Cellulose, 20(5), 2491-2504. [28] Herrera, M. A., Sirviö, J. A., Mathew, A. P., & Oksman, K. (2016). Environmental friendly and sustainable gas barrier on porous materials: Nanocellulose coatings prepared using spin-and dip-coating. Materials & Design, 93(5), 19-25. [29] Amini, E., Azadfallah, M., Layeghi, M., & Talaei-Hassanloui, R. (2016). Silver-nanoparticle-impregnated cellulose nanofiber coating for packaging paper. Cellulose, 23(1), 1-14. [30] Aulin, C., Gällstedt, M., & Lindström, T. (2010). Oxygen and oil barrier properties of microfibrillated cellulose films and coatings. Cellulose, 17(3), 559-574. [31] Song, D. (2011). Starch crosslinking for cellulose fiber modification and starch nanoparticle formation. Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology. [32] Wang, S., Zhang, F., Chen, F., & Pang, Z. (2013). Preparation of a crosslinking cassava starch adhesive and its application in coating paper. BioResources, 8(3), 3574-3589. [33] de Castro, E.D.S., & Cassella, R.J. (2016). Direct determination of sorbitol and sodium glutamate by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) in the thermostabilizer employed in the production of yellow-fever vaccine. Talanta, 152(1), 33-38. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 285 PDF Download: 216 |
||