سامانه پشتیبانی خدمات اطلاعات

  اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات161
تعداد شماره‌ها6,532
تعداد مقالات70,504
تعداد مشاهده مقاله124,122,466
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله97,230,389
گوک آلپ, امین. (1403). تحول فرهنگ سیاسی و الگوی مشارکت زنان در جامعه ترکیه (2000-2020). , 54(3), 514-489. doi: 10.22059/jpq.2021.315218.1007716
امین گوک آلپ. "تحول فرهنگ سیاسی و الگوی مشارکت زنان در جامعه ترکیه (2000-2020)". , 54, 3, 1403, 514-489. doi: 10.22059/jpq.2021.315218.1007716
گوک آلپ, امین. (1403). 'تحول فرهنگ سیاسی و الگوی مشارکت زنان در جامعه ترکیه (2000-2020)', , 54(3), pp. 514-489. doi: 10.22059/jpq.2021.315218.1007716
گوک آلپ, امین. تحول فرهنگ سیاسی و الگوی مشارکت زنان در جامعه ترکیه (2000-2020). , 1403; 54(3): 514-489. doi: 10.22059/jpq.2021.315218.1007716

تحول فرهنگ سیاسی و الگوی مشارکت زنان در جامعه ترکیه (2000-2020)

فصلنامه سیاست
دوره 54، شماره 3، مهر 1403، صفحه 514-489    اصل مقاله (381.01 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jpq.2021.315218.1007716
نویسنده
امین گوک آلپ*
دکترای علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
جایگاه زنان تقریباً از گذشته دور مورد مناقشه بوده است و حتی امروز هم با وجود پیشرفت‌های چشمگیر حقوق بشری و فرهنگی، در موارد متعددی مشکلات زنان، از مسائل اصلی به‌شمار می‌رود. کشور ترکیه هم در ادوار مختلف دستخوش تغییرات سیاسی- اجتماعی‌ای بوده که در آن مسئله زنان و جایگاه آنان در اجتماع نیز تحت تأثیر این تغییرات بوده و جایگاهشان در جامعه همواره فراز و فرودهایی داشته است. پژوهش حاضر به تحولاتی می‌پردازد که در سمت‌گیری شناختی، عاطفی و ارزشی زنان در تاریخ معاصر ترکیه رخ داده و موجب گذار تدریجی از یک فرهنگ سیاسی محدوداندیشانه و پیرومنشانه به یک فرهنگ سیاسی مشارکت‌جویانه در جامعه کنونی ترکیه شده است. نیل به این هدف به کمک چارچوب نظریه فرهنگ سیاسی آلموند و وربا و روش توصیفی- تحلیلی محقق شده است. به‌نظر می‌رسد با تغییر ترکیب نخبگان قدرت و آغاز فرایندهای نوسازانه در جامعه ترکیه از دهه 1930 و به‌ویژه سال‌های 1980 به بعد، به‌تدریج سمت‌گیری‌های شناختی، عاطفی و ارزشیابانه نسبت به جامعه زنان تغییر کرد و راه برای مشارکت بیشتر زنان در امور عمومی و تخصصی گشوده شد. با وجود این، ترکیه از نظر اجرای تعهدات ملی و بین‌المللی خود در زمینه برابری جنسیتی در سیاست، همچنان با چالش‌هایی مهم روبه‌روست و خشونت مبتنی بر جنسیت نیز یک نگرانی اساسی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
زنان؛ جنسیت؛ مشارکت سیاسی؛ فرهنگ سیاسی؛ انتخابات؛ ترکیه
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Evolution of Political Culture and Women's Participation in Turkish Society (2000-2020)
نویسندگان [English]
Emin Gokalp
PhD, Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Extended abstract  
Introduction
The role and position of women has been a contested issue throughout history in nearly all human civilizations, and even today, despite significant advancements in human rights and cultural progress, women's issues remain central in many areas. Turkey, like other countries, has experienced various socio-political changes, during which women's roles and their position in society have been influenced, leading to fluctuations in their societal position.
Theoretical framework and methodology
This article, utilizing Almond and Verba's theory from The Civic Culture (1963), examines the changes in the cognitive, emotional, and evaluative orientations of women in contemporary Turkish history. These transformations have led to a gradual transition from a parochial political culture to a participatory one in modern Turkish society. The research employs the theoretical framework of political culture by Almond and Verba and an analytic-descriptive method to achieve this objective.
Results
It appears that with the changing structure of power elites and the onset of modernization processes in Turkish society from the 1930s and 1950s, the cognitive, emotional, and evaluative orientations of the society, particularly the middle class, towards women has shifted gradually, paving the way for greater female participation in public affairs such as politics, law, education, and the economy.
Conclusions
 Although the initial changes emerged following the declaration of the republic in the form of legal and constitutional reforms, globalization of human development without gender discrimination (from the 1980s onwards) and the Eurocentric modernization of the Turkish state further facilitated the improvement of women’s status and participation in society. Over the past few decades, despite structural and agent-based obstacles, Turkish women have experienced notable growth, especially in political campaigns and elections, compared to other Islamic societies. However, Turkish women continue to face significant challenges in candidacy and holding major political offices, indicating that women's participation in politics has not reached a strategic level. Furthermore, Turkey still faces considerable challenges in fulfilling its national and international commitments to gender equality in politics, with gender-based violence remaining a critical concern. Since 2001, with the strengthening of Turkey’s EU membership process and adherence to Copenhagen criteria, numerous civil laws have been proposed and passed to consolidate the family structure, ensure gender equality in accessing political and social opportunities, and most importantly, impose legal restrictions and criminalize domestic violence against women. These measures have positively impacted the civic, legal, and political status of Turkish women. Based on the latest constitutional amendments in 2021, government centers and foundations are being established to combat violence against women, with the outcomes expected to become evident in the coming years. Nevertheless, for Turkish women to fully enjoy their political rights, political opportunities must be created more equitably, with genuine equality in access to political resources. Considering Turkey’s institutional capacity, civil society, and political party system, it appears that a comprehensive policy can develop equality in family, education, work, commercial life, and all areas of social life and challenge the value judgment that politics is solely a male endeavor. Since a society where women are absent from government administration cannot be considered democratic, Turkish women's full political rights should be ensured, and their effective political participation must be realized.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Women, Gender, Political Participation, Political Culture, Elections, Turkey
مراجع

References

  1. Acuner, S (2002). 90’lı Yıllar ve Resmi Düzeyde Kurumsallaşmanın Doğuş Aşamaları, İletişim Yayınları (Ed.), 90’lı Yıllarda Türkiye’de Feminizm, İstanbul.
  2. Alam, A.R (1992). Understanding Political Culture, Foreign Policy, Year 9, Number 4. [In Persian]
  3. Almond, G.A; Verba, S (1963). The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  4. Almond, G; and at al (1996). Comparative Politics: a Theoretical Framework, Translated by Alireza Tayeb, Tehran: Government Management Training Center. [In Persian]
  5. Arat, Y (1992). 1980’ler Türkiye’sinde Kadın Hareketi: Liberal Kemalizm’in Radikal Uzantısı, N. Arat (yay haz), Her Yönüyle Türkiye’de Kadın Olgusu, Say Yayınları, İstanbul, 75-95.
  6. ASPB, Faaliyet Raporu (2015). http://sgb.aile.gov.tr/data/54f1fc41369dc5920c515f67/ aspbfaaliyetraporu2014.pdf.
  7. Aysoy, M (2006). “Sosyal Devletin Sosyolojisi", Sosyal Politikalar Dergisi S:1, 31-33.
  8. Bashiriyeh, H (2001). Obstacles to Political Development in Iran. Tehran: Game No. [In Persian]
  9. Berktay, F (1994). Türkiye’de Kadın Hareketi Tarihsel Bir Deneyim, Kadın Hareketinin Kurumsallaşması Fırsatlar ve Rizikolar (1-4 Kasım1991’de Frauen-Anstiftung tarafından düzenlenen uluslararası toplantının tutanakları), Meral Akkent (çev), Metis Yayınları, İstanbul, 18-27.
  10. Chilcote, R (2009). Theories of Comparative Politics, Translated by Vahid Bozorgi and Ali Reza Tayyeb. Tehran: Rasa. [In Persian] 
  11. Çadır, M (2011). Kadının Siyasal Yaşama Katılımında Siyasi Parti Kadın Kollarının Rolü: TBMM’de Grubu Bulunan Siyasi partiler bağlamında Ankara ili örneği, T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  12. Çaha, Ö (1996). Sivil Kadın, Türkiye’de Sivil Toplum ve Kadın, Vadi Yayınları, Ankara,
  13. Çakır, S (1996). Osmanlı Kadın Hareketi, Metis Yayınları, 2. Basım, İstanbul.
  14. Çalışkan, K (2016). “Siyasal Kültür: Yeni Yaklaşımlara Genel Bir Bakış”, Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 4. (2)
  15. Dahl, R.A (2001). Demokrasi üzerine, (B. Kadıoğlu, Çev.) Ankara: Phonex Yayınları.
  16. Duverger, M (1982). Siyaset Sosyolojisi. Şirin Tekeli (Translated by). İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları.
  17. Gökçimen, S (2008). “Ülkemizde Kadınların Siyasal Hayata Katılım Mücadelesi”, Yasama Dergisi, (10), İstanbul.
  18. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/milletvekillerimiz_sd.dagilim.
  19. https://www.trtturk.com.tr/haber/turkiye/kadin-diplomatlarin-sayisi-artiyor_3309.
  20. İçağasıoğlu Çoban, A; Özbesler, C (2009). “Türkiye’de Aileye Yönelik Sosyal Politika ve Hizmetler”, Aile ve Toplum, Cilt:5, S:18, ISSN:1303-0256 Temmuz-Ağustos-Eylül, 2009.
  21. Kabasakal, S (2007). Türkiye’de Kadının Siyasal Karar Alma Süreçlerine Katılımı: Celal Bayar Üniversitesinde Örnek Bir Uygulama (Yüksek lisans tezi), Celal Bayar Üniversitesi.
  22. Kahraman, M (2015).“Anayasada Kadın Hakları”, Powerpoint sunu, Kadına Şiddet ve Haklara Duyarlılık Paneli, 9 Mart 2015, Hatay Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar İl Müdürlüğü.
  23. Kaypak, Ş (2015). “Kadının İnsan Hakları”, Powerpoint Sunu, Kadına Şiddet; Haklarda Duyarlılık Paneli, 9 Mart 2015, Hatay Aile Ve Sosyal Politikalar İl Müdürlüğü.
  24. Kaypak, Ş; Kahraman, M (2016). “Türkiye’de Kadının İnsan Hakları Ve Anayasal Yansıması”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 33, S. 298-315.
  25. Khairi, A; Karimi, A (2018). Political Development in Türkiye; A Future-research Perspective, two-quarter Scientific Research Journal of Political Sociology of Islamic World, Volume 7, Number 15. [In Persian]
  26. Kili, S (1996). Modernleşme Ve Kadın, N. Arat (Yay Haz), Türkiye’de Kadın Olmak, Say Yayınları, İstanbul, 9-20.
  27. Maliye Bakanlığı. (2019). Yıllık Ekonomik Rapor.
  28. Moroğlu, N (2010). “Türkiye’de Kadının İnsan Hakları”, Powerpoint Sunu, 30 Nisan 2010, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Erişim: 16.11.2019.
  29. Mosalanejad, A (2012). The Role of the Government in Turkey's Economic Development in the last three Decades, Iranian Social Development Studies, 4th year, 2nd issue. [In Persian]
  30. Movassaghi, A (2009). Cultural Revolution in Türkiye, Middle East Studies Quarterly, Year 7, Number 3. [In Persian]
  31. Movassaghi, A (2015). A Study of the Nature of Kemalist Central Value System and the Process of its Stabilizing in the Period of One-Party Ruling System (1923-1950) in Turkey, Bi Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islamic World, Volume:4 Issue: 8, 2017. [In Persian]
  32. Pye, L.W (1965). “Political Culture and Political Development in Lucien”, (eds. Pye, W. / Verba, Sidney), Political Culture and Political Development, (Princeton, N.Y. Princeton Universty Press).
  33. Qazi Moradi, B (2017). A Critical Reading of the Concept of Gender and Boundaries of the Body in the Book Tadib al-Naswan, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Volume 9, Special Issue, Winter 2017, Pages 129-101. [In Persian]
  34. Saei, A; and et al. (2016). Comparative Analysis of Democratization in Iran and Turkey: a Study of the Democratic Stabilization Stage with an Emphasis on the Factor of Political Parties (1980-2009), Historical Sociology Quarterly, 9th year, No. 2. [In Persian]
  35. Saidi, G (2018). Attitude, Political and Social Rights, Women, Turkey (1930-2020), Included in the Website; http://peace-ipsc.org/fa/.[In Persian]
  36. Sancar, S (2008). “Türkiye’de Kadınların Siyasal Kararlara Eşit Katılımı”, Toplum Ve Demokrasi, 2(4), 173-184.
  37. Serdar, A.B (2014). Sosyal Politika Kavramı, Sosyal Politika, Dora Yayınları, 5. Baskı, Bursa.
  38. Steuernagel G.A; Yantek, T.A (1993). “More Than Pink And Blue: Gender, Occupational stratification And Political Attitudes”, Women İn Politics: Outsiders Or Insiders, Ed. Lois Lovelace Duke, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, S. 79.
  39. Şen, Y.F (2015). Türk Siyasal Kültüründe Millet Algısı ve Milliyetçilik, Yargı Yayınevi, Ankara.
  40. Gov.Tr. Erişim Tarihi: 24.11.2019.
  41. Tekeli, Ş (1993). 1980’ler Türkiye’sinde Kadınlar, Ş. Tekeli (Yay Haz), 1980’ler Türkiye’sinde Kadın Bakış Açısından Kadınlar, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 15-50.
  42. Turan, İ. (2007). Türkiye’de Siyasal Kültürün Oluşumu, Ersin Kalaycıoğlu & A. Yaşar Sarıbay (Edited By), Türkiye’de Siyasal Değişim Ve Modernleşme. İstanbul: Alfa Akademi Basım.
  43. TÜİK, Eğitim, Hane Halkı, Toplumsal Yapı ve Cinsiyet İstatistikleri, http://www.tuik. gov.tr/PreTabloArama.do?metod=search&araType=vt.
  44. Türker, A (1981). Kadm-Erkek Eşitsizliği Sorunu, SBF Yayınlan, Ankara. Arat, Yeşim (der), (1991) Kadınlai' ve Siyasal Yaşam, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  45. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İstatistiklerle Kadın (Women in Statistics), https://istatistik. yok.gov.tr. 2018, Ankara.
  46. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2016). TÜİK: tuik.gov.tr.
  47. Unat, N.A (1998). Söylemden Protestoya: Türkiye’de Kadın Hareketlerinin Dönüsümü, 75 Yılda Kadınlar Ve Erkekler, Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  48. Uyar Bozdağlıoğlu, E.Y (2008). “Türkiye’de İşsizliğin Özellikleri Ve İşsizlikle Mücadele Politikaları”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S.20.
  49. Velch, S (2013). Political Culture Theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  50. Yılmaz, E.S. (2015). “Cinsiyet Eşitliği Ve Adalet Perspektifinden Türkiye’de Kadının Siyasal Alana Katılımı”, Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi Kadem. 1, 11-34.
  51. YÖK, Yüksek Öğrenim İstatistikleri (2020). https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 224
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 140


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب