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نقش تحولات اجتماعی و تغییرات محیطی در دگرگونی الگوی معیشت در جوامع روستایی مورد مطالعه: شهرستان ملکشاهی ایلام | ||
| تحقیقات اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی ایران | ||
| دوره 55، شماره 4، دی 1403، صفحه 647-666 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijaedr.2024.370777.669284 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسین حیدری* 1؛ جواد مداحی2؛ سعید کبیری3؛ اسماعیل جهانی دولت آباد4؛ مرتضی قلیچ5 | ||
| 1گروه جامعه شناسی، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاددانشگاهی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه آموزش علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3گروه ، پژوهشی مطالعات اجتماعی پژوهشگاه مطالعات فرهنگی، اجتماعی و تمدنی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4گروه تاریخ و جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ادربیل، ایرا | ||
| 5گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره) قزوین، قزوین، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| معیشت در اجتماعات روستایی ارتباط تنگاتنگی با زمینه اجتماعی و شرایط محیطی دارد. هر گونه تغییر در نگرش اجتماع به زندگی و شرایط محیطی میتواند تغییر سبک زندگی و شیوه تامین معیشت را به دنبال داشته باشد. هدف این مقاله مطالعه نقش تغییرات اجتماعی و شرایط محیطی بر جهت‌گیری تامین معیشت در روستاهای شهرستان ملکشاهی است. روش تحقیق پژوهش، کیفی و استراتژی مورد استفاده نظریه مبنایی است. روش گردآوری داده مصاحبه نیمهساختیافته و روش نمونهگیری، نمونهگیری هدفمند است. تعداد مطلعان 34 نفر و اطلاعات موردنیاز در طول سالهای 2019 تا 2021 گردآوری و تکمیل شده است. یافتهها نشان داد که تغییرات اجتماعی مثل سبک زندگی، کیفیت زندگی، تغییر نگرش به زندگی، جذابیت سبک زندگی شهری، اولویت آینده فرزندان و ضرورت تحصیل آنان، گسترش ناامنی و تغییرات محیطی همچون خشکسالی، کمبود منابع آبی، نامرغوب بودن زمین برای کشاورزی به عنوان علل تغییر رویکرد تامین معیشت؛ اقتصادی نبودن فعالیت‌های سنتی به دلایلی چون نبود زیرساختهای مناسب، مشاع بودن زمینهای کشاورزی و ناتوانی در بازاریابی به عنوان شرایط زمینهای و در نهایت بهره‌وری پایین، افزایش قاچاق دام به عراق و دزدی و ناامنی به عنوان شرایط مداخلهای در تغییر نظام معیشت روستایی در روستاهای شهرستان ملکشاهی موثر بودهاند. نتایج نشان داد که تغییرات فرهنگی اجتماعی و تغییرات محیطی نقش محوری در تغییر تامین معیشت و شیوه معیشتی داشته است. این عوامل باعث تغییرات قابل توجه در حوزه اشتغال و شیوه تامین معیشت مردم منطقه شده است. افول دامداری سنتی و شکل‌گیری دامداری نیمه تجاری، مهاجرت، تمایل به فعالیت در بخش اداری، رواج باغداری، رواج ساخت خانه باغ در روستاها شده است که تلاش میکند وابستگی خود به محیط را کاهش دهد و با کنترل شرایط محیطی، تاثیرات آن را به حداقل برساند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جوامع روستایی؛ عوامل اجتماعی فرهنگی و محیطی؛ معیشت پایدار؛ شیوه معیشت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The role of social and environmental changes on the change of livelihood approach in rural communities; Case study: Rural area of Malekshahi county | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hossein Heidari1؛ Javad Maddahi2؛ Saeed Kabiri3؛ Esmaiel Jahanidolatabad4؛ Morteza Ghelich5 | ||
| 1Department of Sociology,Institute for Humanities and Social Studies. ACECR, Tehran. Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Social Sciences Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Departemant of Social Studies Institue for cultrual, Social and Civilezation Studies. ICSCS. Tehran Iran | ||
| 4Department of History and Sociology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran | ||
| 5Department of Sociology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Livelihood in rural communities is closely related to social context and environmental conditions. Any change in society's attitude towards life and environmental conditions can lead to a change in lifestyle and way of providing livelihood of rural communities. The purpose of this article is study the role of social changes and environmental conditions on the approach of providing livelihood in the villages of Malekshahi. The research method is qualitative research and the strategy used is based on theory. The data collection method is semi-structured interview and the sampling method is purposive sampling. The number of informants is 34 and the required information has been collected and completed during the years 2019 to 2021.The findings showed that social changes such as lifestyle, quality of life, change in attitude towards life, the attractiveness of urban lifestyle, the future priority of children and the need for their education, the spread of insecurity and environmental changes such as drought, lack of water resources, poor quality Land for agriculture as the reasons for changing the livelihood approach; The uneconomical nature of traditional activities due to reasons such as the lack of suitable infrastructure, the commonality of agricultural land and the inability to market as background conditions and finally low productivity, the increase in cattle smuggling to Iraq and theft and insecurity as intervention conditions. They have been effective in changing the rural livelihood system in the villages of Malekshahi. The results showed that social cultural changes and environmental changes played a central role in changing livelihoods and ways of living. These factors have caused significant changes in the field of employment and livelihood of the people of the region. The drastic reduction of traditional animal husbandry, the formation of semi-commercial animal husbandry, migration, the desire to work in the administrative sector, the spread of horticulture, the construction of garden houses in villages has become popular, which tries to reduce its dependence on the environment in order to reduce its effects by controlling environmental conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| rural communities, socio-cultural and environmental factors, sustainable livelihood, livelihood approach | ||
| مراجع | ||
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