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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Dogs (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) and Dzos (Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766) in Upper Humla, Nepal | ||
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine | ||
مقاله 4، دوره 19، شماره 3، مهر 2025، صفحه 437-448 اصل مقاله (2.86 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: Original Articles | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005606 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Dharma Acharya1؛ Rinzin Phunjok Lama2؛ Tirth Raj Ghimire* 1 | ||
1Department of Zoology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. | ||
2Upper Karnali Landscape Initiatives, Humla, Nepal. | ||
چکیده | ||
Background: Dogs and dzos are important domestic animals in human communities in high-altitude landscapes and are the potential carriers of different parasites. There is a risk of zoonotic parasite transmission between dzos and free-ranging dogs. Therefore, evaluating and managing the parasites could play a role in safeguarding health and overall well-being. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in free-ranging dogs, owned dogs and dzos in Upper Humla, Nepal. Methods: Fecal samples (n=151), including 109 from free-ranging dogs, 12 from owned dogs, and 30 from dzos, were collected. Microscopic examination of the fecal samples was conducted using direct wet mount and acid-fast staining methods. Results: The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was 75.49%, with 75.23% in free-ranging dogs, 66.67% in owned dogs and 80% in dzos. Nineteen parasite species (18 confirmed) were recorded with nine species in dzos, seven in owned dogs, and 17 in free-ranging dogs. Triplet infections were more common in free-ranging dogs, while duplicate infections were more prevalent in owned dogs and pentuplet infections were more frequent in dzos. The dogs and dzos of Upper Humla were commonly infected with Entamoeba spp., ascarids, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp. and Taenia spp. Conclusion: Intestinal parasites can substantially threaten human populations through zoonotic transmission. Controlling and managing the parasitic infection in dogs and dzos can help reduce the impact on human health. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Agro-pastoralism؛ Cross-transmission؛ Gastrointestinal؛ Cryptosporidium؛ Zoonosis | ||
اصل مقاله | ||
Introduction
This region is characterized by its remoteness, rugged terrain, high mountains, and deep valleys and it is not connected to the rest of Nepal by road, making it one of the most isolated and challenging areas to reach in the country (Oli & Zomer, 2011; Lama et al., 2018). The district includes several rivers, including the Karnali River, which flows through Humla from its source in West Tibet. Upper Humla has a harsh climate, with snow for up to four months of the year, and experiences a tropical climate that includes wet and dry seasons, with most of the rainfall occurring during the monsoon season. The settlements are located between 2500-4000 meter. The common leopard, snow leopard, golden jackal, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan tahr, yellow-throated marten, leopard cat, Himalayan langur, rhesus monkey, chucker partridge, Himalayan griffon, danphe, bearded vulture, rock lizard and Himalayan pit viper are common wild faunae, whereas cattle, goats, sheep, dzos, yaks, horses, mules, donkeys, and chickens are common domestic fauna in the study areas (Lama et al., 2021; Thapa, 2023).
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was the highest among all three hosts. Similarly, GI parasites shared by three types of hosts were analyzed. These hosts shared Cryptosporidium spp., ascarid, Entamoeba spp., Eimeria spp., and Taenia spp. Interestingly, Blastocystis sp. was shared by only owned dogs and dzos, but Cyclospora sp. and Neospora caninum and unknown coccidia were shared by stray dogs and dzos (Table 1).
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مراجع | ||
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