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تخمین قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، کاتیون‌ها و آنیون‌های محلول در عصاره اشباع از روی نسبتهای مختلف خاک به آب (1:1، 5/1:2، 1:5) در خاک‌های غیرگچی با بافت‌های متفاوت | ||
| تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 1، فروردین 1404، صفحه 247-263 اصل مقاله (1.71 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/ijswr.2024.383125.669804 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ایوب آویژگان1؛ کریم شهبازی* 2؛ مصطفی مارزی2؛ ارژنگ فتحی گردلیدانی3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی (AREEO)، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب (SWRI)، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق با هدف تعیین و ارزیابی روابط بین قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی عصاره گل اشباع (EC_e) و غلظت کاتیون‌ها و آنیون‌های آن با EC و غلظت کاتیون‌ها و آنیون‌های نسبتهای خاک به آب 1:1، 5/1:2 و 1:5 در خاک‌های غیرگچی با بافت مختلف انجام شد. تعداد 64 نمونه خاک از مناطق مختلف ایران با ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مختلف انتخاب و در آن‌ها EC و غلظت کاتیون‌ها و آنیون‌های عصاره اشباع و نسبتهای خاک به آب مختلف و بافت خاک اندازهگیری شد. خاک‌های منتخب از نظر بافت در سه دسته ریز، متوسط و درشت قرار داده شدند. جهت توسعه و ارزیابی روابط کلی بین EC_e و EC نسبتهای مختلف، 43 نمونه خاک برای توسعه روابط رگرسیونی و 21 نمونه خاک برای ارزیابی روابط استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد در خاک‌های ریز بافت EC_e=2×EC_(1:1)=4×EC_(1:2.5)=8×EC_(1:5)، در خاک‌های متوسط بافت EC_e=2×EC_(1:1)=5.5×EC_(1:2.5)=10×EC_(1:5) و در خاک‌های درشت بافت EC_e=2×EC_(1:1)=3×EC_(1:2.5)=6-8×EC_(1:5) بود. بنابراین از آنجایی که شیب رابطه رگرسیونی بین EC_e و EC_(1:1) در هر سه نوع بافت خاک ثابت و برابر دو است، بنابراین علیرغم تعداد نسبتا کم نمونهها، EC_"1:1" برای برآورد EC_e قابل توصیه است. نتایج نشان داد EC_e=2×EC_(1:1)=5×EC_(1:2.5)=10×EC_(1:5) بود. نتایج ارزیابی روابط مختلف نشان داد که نسبت خاک به آب 1:1 به دلیل جذر میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE)، میانگین خطای مطلق (MAE) و درصد خطای کمتر، شیب معادله نزدیک‌تر به خط 1:1 و ضریب تعیین بزرگتر (R^2=0.99) در مقایسه با دو نسبت دیگر برآورد دقیقتری از EC_e بدست میدهد. در مورد برآورد غلظت کاتیون‌ها و آنیون‌های عصاره گل اشباع نیز نسبت 1:1 با حجم عصاره بیشتر نسبت به عصاره گل اشباع به ویژه برای خاک‌های غیرشور قابل توصیه است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شوری خاک؛ قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی؛ عصاره گل اشباع؛ نسبت آب به خاک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation of saturated soil paste electrical conductivity, soluble cations and anions from different ratios of soil to water (1:1, 1:2.5, and 1:5) in non‐gypsiferous soils with various textures | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ayoub Avizhgan1؛ Karim Shahbazi2؛ Mostafa Marzi2؛ Arzhang Fathi-Gerdelidani3 | ||
| 1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research aims to determine and validate the relationship between the electrical conductivity (EC_e), cations and anions concentration in the extract of saturated soil paste and the relevant parameters in the extract of soil-to-water ratios namely 1:1, 1:2.5, and 1:5 in non‐gypsiferous soils with different textures. Accordingly, 64 soil samples from different regions of Iran were selected and EC, and cations and anions concentration in both saturated past extract and soil-to-water ratios extract were determined. Moreover, the soils were categorized into three texture classes: fine-, medium-, and coarse-textured. To develop and validate the overall relationships between EC_e and EC of different ratios, 43 soils were used for relationship development, and 21 soils were used for relationship validation. The results demonstrated that in the fine-textured soils, 〖 EC〗_e=2×EC_ (1:1) =4×EC_ (1:2.5) =8×EC_ (1:5); in the medium-textured soils, 〖 EC〗_e=2×EC_ (1:1) =5.5×EC_(1:2.5)=10×EC_(1:5); and in the coarse-textured soils, 〖 EC〗_e=2×EC_(1:1)=3×EC_(1:2.5)=6~8×EC_(1:5). Therefore, despite the limited number of soils, it can be recommended to use EC_ (1:1) for estimating 〖 EC〗_e since the regression relationship between these two methods remains constant and equal to two times of 〖 EC〗_e across three texture classes. Regardless of the soil texture, the following relationship was obtained for all studied soils; 〖 EC〗_e=2×EC_ (1:1) =5×EC_ (1:2.5) =10×EC_ (1:5). Also, the results of the validation of different relationships showed that the soil-to-water ratio of 1:1 due to lower errors, closer equation slope to 1:1 line and higher determination coefficient (R^2=0.99) gives a more accurate 〖 EC〗_e estimation compare to the other two ratios. Regarding the concentration of cations and anions, it can be recommended to use the 1:1 extract instead of saturated past extract, especially for non-saline soils, and provides a larger volume of extract. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Electrical Conductivity, Saturated Soil Paste Extract, Soil Salinity, Soil to Water Ratios | ||
| مراجع | ||
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