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بررسی تکامل دو دهه اخیر ادبیات کارآفرینی منطقهای با تمرکز بر چارچوب ترکیبی ADO-TCM | ||
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی توسعه کارآفرینی | ||
دوره 18، شماره 2، تیر 1404، صفحه 49-80 اصل مقاله (1.62 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی- کیفی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22059/jed.2025.388402.654475 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
بهمن خداپناه1؛ حمید پاداش* 2؛ فریبا مصری عیسی لو3 | ||
1گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. | ||
2گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
3گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
هدف: کارآفرینی منطقهای به فرآیند شکلگیری و توسعه کسبوکارها و فعالیتهای اقتصادی در یک منطقه خاص اشاره دارد و نقش مهمی در رشد اقتصادی، ایجاد اشتغال و ارتقای سطح زندگی جوامع محلی ایفا میکند. این مفهوم به طور خاص بر ایجاد و تقویت کسبوکارها در سطوح محلی و منطقهای تأکید دارد و میتواند به بهبود توانمندیهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی مناطق منجر شود. بر خلاف کارآفرینی در سطح ملی یا بینالمللی، کارآفرینی منطقهای بیشتر تحت تأثیر ویژگیهای خاص هر منطقه قرار دارد، در این راستا، عوامل متعددی میتوانند تأثیرات قابل توجهی بر کارآفرینی منطقهای داشته باشند مانند منابع طبیعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی. این تأثیرات اغلب در مقایسه با سطوح ملی متفاوت و نیازمند بررسی دقیقتری هستند. از این رو هدف اصلی این پژوهش، مرور نظاممند ادبیات مرتبط با کارآفرینی منطقهای است. روش: این مطالعه با بهرهگیری از روش مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات و چارچوب ADO-TCM به تجمیع اطلاعات موجود در حوزه کارآفرینی منطقهای پرداخته است. به منظور انجام این بررسی، جستجوی جامع در پایگاه داده Scopus انجام گرفت و 69 مقاله مرتبط با کارآفرینی منطقهای از سال 2005 تا 2024 به دقت انتخاب شده و با استفاده از این چارچوبها تحلیل شدهاند. یافتهها: براساس مرور نظامند ادبیات موجود، 9 دسته پیشینیان شناسایی شد که عبارتنداز: سرمایه و نوآوری، فرهنگ منطقهای و جامعه، عوامل شخصی و فردی، محیط جغرافیایی و منطقهای، سیاست و مقررات ملی و منطقهای، زیرساخت و نهادها، اقتصاد و صنعت منطقه، دانشگاه و آموزش، شبکه و سرمایه اجتماعی. این پیشینیان به عنوان محرکهای اصلی کارآفرینی منطقهای در نظر گرفته میشوند و بر تصمیمات و رفتارهای کارآفرینان تأثیرگذار هستند. از این رو پیشینیان منجر به 5 تصمیم پژوهشی از جمله انتخاب نوع فعالیتهای کارآفرینی، کارآفرینی فرصتمحور و ضرورت محور، کارآفرینی نوآورانه، کارآفرینی فارغ التحصیلان شدند. همچنین پیشینیان و تصمیمات به یکسری از پیامدهایی منجر شدند که عبارتنداز: پایداری و موفقیت کارآفرینی منطقهای، پویایی اقتصادی و خوداشتغالی، بهبود کیفیت زندگی، اثر گلوله برفی منطقهای، تعادلهای شغلی چندگانه، انعطاف پذیری اقتصاد محلی، دینامیسم رقابت منطقهای، مکان گزینی یا ژئو استراتژیهای کارآفرینی، ایجاد مشاغل جدید و رشد اشتغال منطقهای، توسعه اقتصادی منطقه. علاوه بر این، پژوهش حاضر 27نظریه، 3روش پژوهشی(کمی، کیفی، آمیخته) و زمینههای مطالعاتی را که در مناطق مختلفی صورت گرفته بودند را شناسایی کرد. نتیجه: تقسیمبندی عوامل به سازههای مختلف نظیر پیشینیان، تصمیمها، پیامدها، روشها، زمینهها و نظریهها، ساختاری منسجم و قابل فهم را برای تحلیل ادبیات کارآفرینی منطقهای ارائه داده است. این چارچوب، به عنوان یک ابزار قدرتمند، درک ما را از پیچیدگیهای کارآفرینی منطقهای ارتقا بخشیده و زمینه را برای مطالعات آتی هموارتر ساخته است. کارآفرینی منطقهای به عنوان محرکی کلیدی در رشد اقتصادی، ایجاد اشتغال و ارتقای کیفیت زندگی، در این پژوهش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان میدهند که ویژگیهای منحصر به فرد هر منطقه، از جمله منابع طبیعی، فرهنگی و انسانی، به عنوان پیشرانهایی عمل میکنند که نوع و شدت فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه را شکل میدهند. همچنین، زیرساختهای اقتصادی مناسب و حمایتهای دولتی و اجتماعی به عنوان عوامل تقویتکننده کارآفرینی، نقش بسیار مهمی را ایفا میکنند.یکی از نتایج قابل تامل این پژوهش، تأکید بر تعامل پیچیده عوامل جغرافیایی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و نهادی در شکلگیری محیط کارآفرینی است. فرهنگ محلی و شبکههای اجتماعی به عنوان دو عامل کلیدی، بر پذیرش اجتماعی کارآفرینی و موفقیت آن تأثیرگذار هستند. همچنین، پژوهش نشان میدهد که در محیطهایی که منابع ملموس و ناملموس به راحتی در دسترس هستند، کارآفرینی رونق بیشتری میگیرد. از سوی دیگر، چالشهایی مانند ضعف زیرساختها به عنوان موانعی جدی بر سر راه کارآفرینان منطقهای عمل میکنند.پژوهش حاضر، با ارائه یک چارچوب جامع و تحلیل عمیق، به درک بهتری از عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی منطقهای کمک کرده است. با این حال، هنوز پرسشهای بسیاری در این حوزه بیپاسخ مانده است و نیاز به مطالعات بیشتر و عمیقتر احساس میشود. با توجه به اهمیت کارآفرینی در توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی، سرمایهگذاری در پژوهشهای این حوزه میتواند به تدوین سیاستهای مؤثرتر و ایجاد جوامع پویا و مبتکر کمک کند. بررسی تأثیر فرهنگ محلی، ارزشها و نگرشها بر رفتار کارآفرینانه و موفقیت کسبوکارها، تحلیل نقش شبکههای اجتماعی آنلاین و آفلاین در تسهیل همکاری، تبادل دانش و ایجاد فرصتهای جدید برای کارآفرینان، ارزیابی دقیق سیاستهای حمایتی دولت و نهادهای مختلف در ترویج کارآفرینی و شناسایی بهترین رویکردها، استفاده از مدلهای شبیهسازی برای پیشبینی آینده کارآفرینی در مناطق مختلف و ارزیابی سناریوهای مختلف از مهمترین توصیههای پژوشی برای محققان آتی در تحقیق حاضر میباشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
کارآفرینی منطقهای؛ مرور سیستماتیک؛ چارچوب ADO-TCM | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
A Review of the Evolution of Regional Entrepreneurship Literature Over the Past Two Decades with a Focus on the ADO-TCM Integrative Framework | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Bahman Khodapanah1؛ Hamid Padash2؛ Fariba Mesri Eisalou3 | ||
1Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil | ||
2Department of Organizational Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
3Master’s in Entrepreneurship, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili ,Ardabil, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Objective: Regional entrepreneurship refers to the process of creating and developing businesses and economic activities within a specific geographic area. It plays a crucial role in economic growth, job creation, and improving the quality of life in local communities. Unlike national or international entrepreneurship, regional entrepreneurship is more influenced by the specific characteristics of each region. Various factors, such as natural, cultural, economic, and social resources, can significantly impact regional entrepreneurship. These influences often differ from national levels and require more in-depth analysis. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review on regional entrepreneurship. Method: This study employed a systematic literature review method and the ADO-TCM framework to synthesize the existing information on regional entrepreneurship. The ADO-TCM framework combines the ADO and TCM frameworks. To conduct this review, a comprehensive search was conducted in the Scopus database, and 69 articles related to regional entrepreneurship from 2005 to 2024 were carefully selected and analyzed using these frameworks. Results: Based on the systematic literature review, nine categories of antecedents were identified: capital and innovation, regional culture and society, personal and individual factors, geographical and regional environment, national and regional policies and regulations, infrastructure and institutions, regional economy and industry, university and education, and networks and social capital. These antecedents are considered the main drivers of regional entrepreneurship and influence the decisions and behaviors of entrepreneurs. Consequently, these antecedents lead to five research decisions, including the choice of entrepreneurial activities, opportunity-driven versus necessity-driven entrepreneurship, innovative entrepreneurship, and graduate entrepreneurship. Additionally, antecedents and decisions resulted in a series of outcomes, such as sustainability and success of regional entrepreneurship, economic dynamism and self-employment, improved quality of life, regional snowball effects, multiple career balances, local economic resilience, regional competitive dynamics, entrepreneurial location or geo-strategies, creation of new jobs and regional employment growth, and regional economic development. Furthermore, the study identified 27theories, three research methods (quantitative, qualitative, mixed), and research contexts in various regions. Subsequently, an extensive descriptive analysis was conducted to identify significant gaps in the literature and provide specific directions for future research. Moreover, this study adopts an innovative and unique approach by combining the ADO-TCM framework to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of regional entrepreneurship. Conclusion: The categorization of factors into various constructs such as antecedents, decisions, consequences, methods, contexts, and theories has provided a coherent and understandable structure for analyzing the literature on regional entrepreneurship. This framework, as a powerful tool, has enhanced our understanding of the complexities of regional entrepreneurship and paved the way for future studies. Regional entrepreneurship, as a key dri ver of economic growth, job creation, and improved quality of life, has been the focus of this research. The results show that the unique characteristics of each region, including natural, cultural, and human resources, act as drivers that shape the type and intensity of entrepreneurial activities. Additionally, appropriate economic infrastructure and government and social support play a very important role as reinforcing factors for entrepreneurship. One of the notable findings of this study is the emphasis on the complex interaction of geographical, economic, cultural, social, and institutional factors in shaping the entrepreneurial environment. Local culture and social networks, as two key factors, influence the social acceptance of entrepreneurship and its success. Moreover, the study shows that entrepreneurship thrives in environments where tangible and intangible resources are readily available. On the other hand, challenges such as weak infrastructure act as serious barriers to regional entrepreneurs. This research, by providing a comprehensive framework and in-depth analysis, has contributed to a better understanding of the factors influencing regional entrepreneurship. However, many questions remain unanswered in this area, and there is a need for more and deeper studies. Given the importance of entrepreneurship in economic and social development, investing in research in this area can lead to the development of more effective policies and the creation of dynamic and innovative communities. Investigating the impact of local culture, values, and attitudes on entrepreneurial behavior and business success, analyzing the role of online and offline social networks in facilitating collaboration, knowledge sharing, and creating new opportunities for entrepreneurs, evaluating the effectiveness of government and institutional support policies in promoting entrepreneurship and identifying the best approaches, using simulation models to predict the future of entrepreneurship in different regions and assessing different scenarios are among the most important research recommendations for future researchers in this study. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Regional entrepreneurship, systematic review, ADO-TCM framework | ||
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