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بررسی و رتبه بندی درجه توسع هیافتگی شهرستا نهای استان خراسان رضوی، با استفاده از تکنیک تاپسیس | ||
| پژوهشهای جغرافیای انسانی | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 42، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 72، مرداد 1389، صفحه 17-30 اصل مقاله (291.94 K) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| کرامت اله زیاری1؛ سید محمود زنجیر چی2؛ کبری سرخ کمال3 | ||
| 1استاد دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران | ||
| 2استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه یزد | ||
| 3کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه یزد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به ضرورت توسعه یکپارچه ناحیه ای، تحلی ل وابستگی سکونتگاه های انسانی در سطوح نواحی ، اساسِ کار در هر برنام هریزی محسوب م یشود. توزیع مطلوب جمعیت و توزیع روند توسعه اجتماعی اقتصادی، هدف نهایی تحل یل سیستم های ناحیه ای است . بنابراین کاهش محرومیت و نابرابری به دلیل داشتن تبعات اقتصادی و سیاسی، امری مهم و درخور توجه به شمار می رود. درواقع نیل به پیشرفت و توسعه فراگیر در آینده مستلزم شناخت موقعیت مناطق و نواحی مختلف است . به کارگیری معیارها و روش های کم? ی به منظور سطح بندی سکونتگاه ها در سیستم فضایی مناطق از سویی منجر به شناخت میزان نابرابری نقاط سکونتگاهی می شود، و از سوی دیگر معیاری است برای تلاش در زمینه کاهش و رفع نابرابری های موجود میان آنها . این مقاله بر آن است تا با استفاده از روش تاپسیس که یکی از تکنیک های خانواده تصمیم گیری چندمعیاره محسوب می شود، به سطح بندی و تعیین میزان نابرابری موجود میان شهرستان های استان خراسان رضوی بپردازد . نتایج یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در سال 1385 شهر مشهد دارای رتب ه نخست به لحاظ میزان توسعه یافتگی بوده است . این شهر به دلیل مرکزیت اداری سیاسی به عنوان قطب رشد منطقه، امکانات، خدمات و نیروی انسانی متخصص را از نواحی پیرامونی به سمت خود جذب کرده و به این ترتیب برتری و تفوق آن بر ساختار فضایی استان حفظ شده است . همچنین شهرستان مشهد رتبه 1 و شهرستان خلیل آباد رتبه 19 را در بین 19 0 بوده است، که خود / شهرستان استان خراسان رضوی کسب کرده و ضریب پراکندگی به دست آمده 3 بیانگر وجود تفاوت و شدت نابرابری در میزان بهره مندی از مواهب توسعه است . از این رو الگوی حاکم بر ساختار فضایی استان خراسان رضوی، تابع الگوی مرکز پیرامونی ا ست که با در نظر داشتن آن، توجه به برنام هریزی فضایی ب همنظور نیل به توسعه و پیشرفت متعادل منطق های، ضرورتی اجتنا بناپذیر است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تکنیک تاپسیس؛ توسعه ناحیه ای؛ خراسان رضوی؛ سط حبندی سکونتگا هها؛ نابرابری ناحی های | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Study and Measurement of the Development Degree of the Counties of Khorasan Razavy Province Using TOPSIS Technique | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Keramatolah Zayyari1؛ S. M. Zanjirchi2؛ K. Sorkhkamal3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Due to the need for unified development, the analysis of human residences dependency over regional levels is the basis of any programming in third world countries. The final goal of analysis of regional systems is suitable distribution of population and distributing socioeconomical development. Therefore, decreasing deprivation and inequality is an important issue in developing countries; in fact widespread development and improvement in the future, requires recognition of the situations of different regions. Using criteria and quantitative methods for leveling residences in spatial system of regions not only leads to recognition of the rate of inequality of residential places, but it is also an index for attempting to decrease and remove the inequalities among them. This article focuses on leveling and rating the inequalities among cities of Khorasan Razavy using TOPSIS model as one of the multi criteria for decision making technique. This technique contains logical mathematics in ranking and using absolute (non-comparative) data. TOPSIS measures the distance of each alternative from the positive and the negative ideals and makes an index (Ci) for comparing alternatives, and then this technique can be used for the purpose of this research. Methodology This is an applied research that uses analytic- descriptive method to survey the question of the research. The populations under study are the cities of Khorasan Razavi province containing 19 cities based on the census report in 2006. 84 indexes were selected as indicators of development containing infrastructure (rate of roads to city area, rate of blacktop roads to city area, roads per 100000 persons, rate or city roads to province area, rate of travel roads to city area, rate of main roads to city area), Health (number of doctors per 10000 persons, number of dentists per 10000 persons, number of laboratory per 10000 persons, number of sickbed per 10000 persons, number of employees in health care department per 10000 persons, number of pharmacists per 10000 persons, number of paramedics per 10000 persons, number of pharmacies per 10000 persons, number of experts per 10000 persons, number of psychologists per 10000 persons, number of auxiliaries per 10000 persons), culture (number of libraries per 10000 persons, ratio of books to educated persons, ratio of library members to educated persons, number of mosques Human Geography Research Quarterly, 4 arterly, No. 72, Summer 2010 per 10000 persons, ratio of cinema viewers to population, number of cinemas per 10000 persons, ratio of educated women to city population, ratio of high educated persons to population and ratio of high educated women to high educated men), rural development (education rate in rural areas, education rate of women, percentage of villages that have electricity, number of villages that have gas, ratio of rural roads to city roads, ratio of blacktop rural roads to rural roads, ratio of rural roads to city roads, inverse of rural family dimension), population (population relative compression, inverse of family dimension, inverse of death rate, inverse of pregnancy rate, average population growth rate), housing (percentage of lasting houses, inverse of non-lasting houses, ratio of permissions for high level houses to whole permissions, inverse of number of houses with one room, ratio of four room and more to all houses, rate of houses with one family in and rate of houses with four family in), farming (education growth in farming employees, ratio of farms to city areas, performance of wheat farms, performance of barley farms, rate of area under farming with water, number of fowl per farmer, number of tractors per 100 hectares, number of reapers per 1000 hectares, ratio of areas under farming to farmers), universe economics (employee rate, activity rate, inverse of sponsorship, ratio of city areas to provincial areas, percentage of women employment, ratio of industry employees to whole employees, ratio of area population to province population and urban percentage) and education (ratio of teachers to students in initial schools, ratio of teachers to students in secondary schools, ratio of teachers to students in high schools, ratio of classrooms to students in initial schools, ratio of classrooms to students in secondary schools, ratio of classrooms to students in high schools, ratio of students at university to whole population, ratio of students to population above 10 years old, ratio of girl students to boy students, rate of employees, rate of literate persons, ratio of higher educated to whole literate persons, ratio of literate persons to population above 6 years old and rate of literate women). We used IRAN Central Bank, Iran Statistics center and Statistical Annual data to measure research variables. Then TOPSIS was used based on a mathematical model to compare the cities of Khorasan Razavi province. Finally, Ci was the base of the conclusion. Results and Discussion The level of development in these cities was compared based on real data on 84 indexes in sectors like: education, infrastructure, farming, economics, culture, health, housing, population and rural development. The results of the research show that Mashhad had the first position for developing rate in the year 1385; however this city, due to political - administrative centrality, attracts facilities, skillful human force and services from other regions and grows as a pole of the region; therefore it preserves dominance and distinction on spatial structure. City Khalil Abad got the last grade between 19 cities. Cities Mashhad, Sabzevar, Bardeskan, Kashmar, Rashtkhar, Gonabad and kalat are at the top and cities Kashmar, Mahvelat, Torbate jam and Rashtkhar are at the bottom based on different indexes. Coefficient of variance between different cities shows that there is a kind of divergence and incongruity between areas on the structure of khorasan Razavi province regional development. Conclusion We can say that the model of regional development in khorasan Razavi is "on Center- Periphery pattern", and continuing this procedure, the present break and inequality will deepen. Therefore, it is an inevitable necessity to notice the regional programming study of cities in development, recognize regional residential religions in order to program systematically and offer correct and performable guidelines toward the regional equal expansion and development. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Human residences leveling, Khorasan Razavi., Regional Development, Regional Inequality, TOPSIS | ||
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